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The Superior Colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that plays a critical role in integrating visual, auditory, and somatosensory input to assess saliency and promote action. Although the response properties of the individual SC neurons to visuoauditory stimuli have been characterized, little is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integration at the population level. Here we recorded the response properties of SC neurons to spatially restricted visual and auditory stimuli using large-scale electrophysiology. We then created a general, population-level model that explains the spatial, temporal, and intensity requirements of stimuli needed for sensory integration. We found that the mouse SC contains topographically organized visual and auditory neurons that exhibit nonlinear multisensory integration. We show that nonlinear integration depends on properties of auditory but not visual stimuli. We also find that a heuristically derived nonlinear modulation function reveals conditions required for sensory integration that are consistent with previously proposed models of sensory integration such as spatial matching and the principle of inverse effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T13:36:38Z","timestamp":1635773798000},"page":"e1009181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Nonlinear visuoauditory integration in the mouse superior colliculus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5529-223X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shinya","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-9032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yufei","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3973-3642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan M.","family":"Litke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1097-299X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David A.","family":"Feldheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref001","article-title":"The merging of the senses","volume":"211","author":"BE Stein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51011-2","article-title":"The mammalian superior colliculus: laminar structure and connections","volume":"151","author":"PJ May","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9394","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09394.1998","article-title":"Signals from the Superficial Layers of the Superior Colliculus Enable the Development of the Auditory Space Map in the Deeper Layers","volume":"18","author":"AJ King","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-09-01177.1982","article-title":"Auditory and visual maps of space in the optic tectum of the owl","volume":"2","author":"EI Knudsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03929.1998","article-title":"Sensitive Periods for Visual Calibration of the Auditory Space Map in the Barn Owl Optic Tectum","volume":"18","author":"MS Brainard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07696.x","article-title":"Control from below: the role of a midbrain network in spatial attention","volume":"33","author":"EI Knudsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195334364.003.0006","volume-title":"The neuroscience of attention: Attentional control and selection","author":"EI Knudsen","year":"2012"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.56.3.640","article-title":"Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration","author":"MA Meredith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6867718","article-title":"Interactions among converging sensory inputs in the superior colliculus","volume":"221","author":"MA Meredith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91648-3","article-title":"Spatial factors determine the activity of multisensory neurons in cat superior colliculus","volume":"365","author":"M Alex Meredith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009181.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-10-03215.1987","article-title":"Determinants of multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurons. 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