{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:07:35Z","timestamp":1775099255776,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009260","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000}}],"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central place foraging pollinators tend to develop multi-destination routes (traplines) to exploit patchily distributed plant resources. While the formation of traplines by individual pollinators has been studied in detail, how populations of foragers use resources in a common area is an open question, difficult to address experimentally. We explored conditions for the emergence of resource partitioning among traplining bees using agent-based models built from experimental data of bumblebees foraging on artificial flowers. In the models, bees learn to develop routes as a consequence of feedback loops that change their probabilities of moving between flowers. While a positive reinforcement of movements leading to rewarding flowers is sufficient for the emergence of resource partitioning when flowers are evenly distributed, the addition of a negative reinforcement of movements leading to unrewarding flowers is necessary when flowers are patchily distributed. In environments with more complex spatial structures, the negative experiences of individual bees on flowers favour spatial segregation and efficient collective foraging. Our study fills a major gap in modelling pollinator behaviour and constitutes a unique tool to guide future experimental programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T13:35:30Z","timestamp":1627479330000},"page":"e1009260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A model of resource partitioning between foraging bees based on learning"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-5864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thibault","family":"Dubois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8308-9968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristian","family":"Pasquaretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-6628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7002-9920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacques","family":"Gautrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-2040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Lihoreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01601953","article-title":"On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds","volume":"19","author":"SD Fretwell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Biotheor"},{"key":"pcbi.1009260.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691188348","volume-title":"Social foraging theory","author":"LA Giraldeau","year":"2000"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18450.x","article-title":"Pollinator diversity and specialization in relation to flower diversity","volume":"119","author":"J Fr\u00fcnd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1620.1","article-title":"Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional complementarity and niche shifts","volume":"94","author":"J Frund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050178","article-title":"Aggressive foraging of social bees as a mechanism of floral resource partitioning in an asian tropical rainforest","volume":"110","author":"T Nagamitsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12664","article-title":"Niche partitioning due to adaptive foraging reverses effects of nestedness and connectance on pollination network stability","volume":"19","author":"FS Valdovinos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-007-0061-5","article-title":"From individual interactions to population dynamics: Individual resource partitioning simulation exposes the causes of nonlinear intra-specific competition","volume":"50","author":"K Johst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Popul Ecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01760.x","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of diet specialisation: Testing models of individual variation in resource use with sea otters","volume":"15","author":"TM Tinker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"3967","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3967.203","article-title":"Euglossine Bees as Long-Distance Pollinators of Tropical Plants","volume":"171","author":"DH Janzen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009260.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/8.2.199","article-title":"Trapline foraging by bumble bees: II. 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