{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1782530909541,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Northeastern University","award":["N181903008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N181903008"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-up Fund for Talent of Dalian Maritime University","award":["02500348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02500348"]}]},{"name":"doctoral scientific research foundation of liaoning province of china","award":["2019-BS-108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-BS-108"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LQN202002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQN202002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"undamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["82232019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82232019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62002056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62002056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81871219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Secondary structure plays an important role in determining the function of noncoding RNAs. Hence, identifying RNA secondary structures is of great value to research. Computational prediction is a mainstream approach for predicting RNA secondary structure. Unfortunately, even though new methods have been proposed over the past 40 years, the performance of computational prediction methods has stagnated in the last decade. Recently, with the increasing availability of RNA structure data, new methods based on machine learning (ML) technologies, especially deep learning, have alleviated the issue. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of RNA secondary structure prediction methods based on ML technologies and a tabularized summary of the most important methods in this field. The current pending challenges in the field of RNA secondary structure prediction and future trends are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T17:25:16Z","timestamp":1629998716000},"page":"e1009291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Review of machine learning methods for RNA secondary structure prediction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7981-9478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-8164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5002-6968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-9462","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130200","article-title":"Discovery of Novel ncRNA Sequences in Multiple Genome Alignments on the Basis of Conserved and Stable Secondary Structures","volume":"10","author":"Y Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7414","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11247","article-title":"An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome","volume":"489","author":"TEP Consortium","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5768","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref003","first-page":"1713","article-title":"The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome","volume":"311","author":"TF Consortium","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6894","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/418222a","article-title":"The chemical repertoire of natural ribozymes","volume":"418","author":"JA Doudna","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3841","article-title":"The RNA World: molecular cooperation at the origins of life","volume":"16","author":"PG Higgs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3681","article-title":"Insights into RNA structure and function from genome-wide studies","volume":"15","author":"SA Mortimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"7006","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02873","article-title":"Mechanisms of gene silencing by double-stranded RNA","volume":"431","author":"G Meister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.12.024","article-title":"A Decade of Riboswitches","volume":"152","author":"A Serganov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.12.010","article-title":"Let me count the ways: Mechanisms of gene regulation by miRNAs and siRNAs","volume":"29","author":"L Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref010","first-page":"810514","article-title":"Prediction of MicroRNA-Disease Associations Based on Social Network Analysis Methods","volume":"2015","author":"Q Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002195","article-title":"Big Data: Astronomical or Genomical?","volume":"13","author":"ZD Stephens","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3001","article-title":"How RNA folds","volume":"293","author":"I Tinoco","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4992","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1989074","article-title":"Visualizing the higher order folding of a catalytic RNA molecule","volume":"251","author":"DW Celander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5174","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8052848","article-title":"Kinetic Intermediates in RNA Folding.","volume":"265","author":"PP Zarrinkar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref015","first-page":"106","article-title":"The Statistical Mechanics of RNA Folding","volume":"35","author":"SJ Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4096","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4096.223","article-title":"Principles that govern the folding of protein chains","volume":"181","author":"CB Anfinsen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7188-6-26","article-title":"ViennaRNA Package 2.0","volume":"6","author":"R Lorenz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Algorithms Mol Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg595","article-title":"Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction","volume":"31","author":"M. Zuker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W471","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt290","article-title":"RNAstructure: web servers for RNA secondary structure prediction and analysis","volume":"41","author":"S Bellaousov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref020","volume-title":"30th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2003)","author":"A Condon","year":"2003"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2017.07.007","article-title":"Recent advances in RNA folding","volume":"261","author":"J Fallmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-949-5_8","article-title":"RNA structure prediction: an overview of methods","volume":"905","author":"MG Seetin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s41048-018-0058-y","article-title":"Evaluation of RNA secondary structure prediction for both base-pairing and topology","volume":"4","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophysics Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838201002515","article-title":"Geometric nomenclature and classification of RNA base pairs","volume":"7","author":"NB Leontis","year":"2001","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr810","article-title":"Comprehensive survey and geometric classification of base triples in RNA structures","volume":"40","author":"AS Abu Almakarem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/86221","article-title":"A universal mode of helix packing in RNA","volume":"8","author":"EA Doherty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.1.194","article-title":"PseudoBase: structural information on RNA pseudoknots","volume":"29","author":"FHD van Batenburg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030213","article-title":"Pseudoknots: RNA structures with diverse functions","volume":"3","author":"DW Staple","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.23.5112","article-title":"Stochastic context-free grammars for tRNA modeling","volume":"22","author":"Y Sakakibara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.049726.115","article-title":"Twenty years of RNA crystallography","volume":"21","author":"E. Westhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200300700","article-title":"NMR Spectroscopy of RNA","volume":"4","author":"B F\u00fcrtig","year":"2003","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"7311","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09322","article-title":"Genome-wide measurement of RNA secondary structure in yeast","volume":"467","author":"M Kertesz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1529","article-title":"FragSeq: transcriptome-wide RNA structure probing using high-throughput sequencing","volume":"7","author":"JG Underwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.380","article-title":"DMS footprinting of structured RNAs and RNA-protein complexes","volume":"2","author":"P Tijerina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.249","article-title":"Selective 2\u2032-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE): quantitative RNA structure analysis at single nucleotide resolution","volume":"1","author":"KA Wilkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120215-035034","article-title":"Genome-Wide Analysis of RNA Secondary Structure","volume":"50","author":"PC Bevilacqua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583516000020","article-title":"RNA structure through multidimensional chemical mapping","volume":"49","author":"S Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Q Rev Biophys"},{"issue":"D1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D128","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1008","article-title":"RNAcentral: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences","volume":"45","author":"TR Consortium","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(02)00339-1","article-title":"The accuracy of ribosomal RNA comparative structure models","volume":"12","author":"RR Gutell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"issue":"3735","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3735.531","article-title":"Nucleotide Sequence of a Yeast Tyrosine Transfer RNA","volume":"153","author":"JT Madison","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60348-7","article-title":"Comparative anatomy of 16-S-like ribosomal RNA","volume":"32","author":"RR Gutell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.5.1251","article-title":"Prediction of common folding structures of homologous RNAs","volume":"21","author":"K Han","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8485(02)00012-8","article-title":"Automatic RNA secondary structure prediction with a comparative approach","volume":"26","author":"F Tahi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput Chem"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref044","first-page":"11","article-title":"A fast algorithm for RNA secondary structure prediction including pseudoknots","author":"F Tahi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Third IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1067","article-title":"Tfold: efficient in silico prediction of non-coding RNA secondary structures","volume":"38","author":"S Engelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2125310","article-title":"ProbKnot: fast prediction of RNA secondary structure including pseudoknots","volume":"16","author":"S Bellaousov","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg373","article-title":"An iterated loop matching approach to the prediction of RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots","volume":"20","author":"J Ruan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"16","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.16.3825","article-title":"Automatic detection of conserved RNA structure elements in complete RNA virus genomes","volume":"26","author":"IL Hofacker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2164906","article-title":"RNA secondary structure prediction from sequence alignments using a network of k-nearest neighbor classifiers","volume":"12","author":"E Bindewald","year":"2006","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2007-7","article-title":"Bi-objective integer programming for RNA secondary structure prediction with pseudoknots","volume":"19","author":"A Legendre","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"D1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D226","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1005","article-title":"Rfam 11.0: 10 years of RNA families","volume":"41","author":"SW Burge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.11.6309","article-title":"Fast algorithm for predicting the secondary structure of single-stranded RNA","volume":"77","author":"R Nussinov","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.1.133","article-title":"Optimal computer folding of large RNA sequences using thermodynamics and auxiliary information","volume":"9","author":"M Zuker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2700","article-title":"Expanded sequence dependence of thermodynamic parameters improves prediction of RNA secondary structure","volume":"288","author":"DH Mathews","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-709-9_3","article-title":"The determination of RNA folding nearest neighbor parameters","volume":"1097","author":"M Andronescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"42","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14719","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9809425","article-title":"Thermodynamic parameters for an expanded nearest-neighbor model for formation of RNA duplexes with Watson-Crick base pairs","volume":"37","author":"TB Xia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D280","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp892","article-title":"NNDB: the nearest neighbor parameter database for predicting stability of nucleic acid secondary structure","volume":"38","author":"DH Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5293","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/230362a0","article-title":"Estimation of secondary structure in ribonucleic acids","volume":"230","author":"I Tinoco","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(199902)49:2<145::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Complete suboptimal folding of RNA and the stability of secondary structures","volume":"49","author":"S Wuchty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-129","article-title":"RNAstructure: software for RNA secondary structure prediction and analysis","volume":"11","author":"JS Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0356","article-title":"The computer simulation of RNA folding pathways using a genetic algorithm","volume":"250","author":"AP Gultyaev","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i295","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz375","article-title":"LinearFold: linear-time approximate RNA folding by 5\u2032-to-3\u2032 dynamic programming and beam search","volume":"35","author":"L Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7183","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06684","article-title":"The MC-Fold and MC-Sym pipeline infers RNA structure from sequence data","volume":"452","author":"M Parisien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i129","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr220","article-title":"A folding algorithm for extended RNA secondary structures","volume":"27","author":"C Honer zu Siederdissen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6433-8_15","article-title":"Exploring Alternative RNA Structure Sets Using MC-Flashfold and db2cm","volume":"1490","author":"P Dallaire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005827","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005827","article-title":"Base pair probability estimates improve the prediction accuracy of RNA non-canonical base pairs","volume":"13","author":"MF Sloma","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref067","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prediction of RNA secondary structure with pseudoknots using integer programming","author":"U Poolsap","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1204","article-title":"McGenus: a Monte Carlo algorithm to predict RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots","volume":"41","author":"M Bon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref069","first-page":"5","article-title":"Design, implementation and evaluation of a practical pseudoknot folding algorithm based on thermodynamics","author":"J Reeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.10296","article-title":"A partition function algorithm for nucleic acid secondary structure including pseudoknots","volume":"24","author":"RM Dirks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.2436","article-title":"A dynamic programming algorithm for RNA structure prediction including pseudoknots","volume":"285","author":"E Rivas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6245","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8415","article-title":"Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects","volume":"349","author":"MI Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i19","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm223","article-title":"Efficient parameter estimation for RNA secondary structure prediction","volume":"23","author":"M Andronescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.1950510","article-title":"Computational approaches for RNA energy parameter estimation","volume":"16","author":"M Andronescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.5248604","article-title":"Fast and effective prediction of microRNA\/target duplexes","volume":"10","author":"M Rehmsmeier","year":"2004","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.02.007","article-title":"Simulating RNA folding kinetics on approximated energy landscapes","volume":"381","author":"X Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2011.0184","article-title":"Rich parameterization improves RNA structure prediction","volume":"18","author":"S Zakov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840025","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720018400255","article-title":"A max-margin training of RNA secondary structure prediction integrated with the thermodynamic model","volume":"16","author":"M Akiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bioinform Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21194-4","article-title":"RNA secondary structure prediction using deep learning with thermodynamic integration","volume":"12","author":"K Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050042","article-title":"Recent insights on RNA folding mechanisms from catalytic RNA","volume":"57","author":"SA Woodson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg614","article-title":"Pfold: RNA secondary structure prediction using stochastic context-free grammars","volume":"31","author":"B Knudsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/15.6.446","article-title":"RNA secondary structure prediction using stochastic context-free grammars and evolutionary history","volume":"15","author":"B Knudsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-71","article-title":"Evaluation of several lightweight stochastic context-free grammars for RNA secondary structure prediction","volume":"5","author":"RD Dowell","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.030049.111","article-title":"A range of complex probabilistic models for RNA secondary structure prediction that includes the nearest-neighbor model and more","volume":"18","author":"E Rivas","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720010004926","article-title":"A non-parametric Bayesian approach for predicting RNA secondary structures","volume":"8","author":"K Sato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bioinform Comput Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl246","article-title":"CONTRAfold: RNA secondary structure prediction without physics-based models","volume":"22","author":"CB Do","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2015.02.002","article-title":"A semi-supervised learning approach for RNA secondary structure prediction","volume":"57","author":"H Yonemoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref088","first-page":"163","article-title":"A Tool Preference Choice Method for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction by SVM with Statistical Tests","volume":"9","author":"C-Y Hor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evol Bioinformatics Online"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.24595","article-title":"Research on folding diversity in statistical learning methods for RNA secondary structure prediction","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref090","first-page":"277","article-title":"Using a neural network to identify secondary RNA structures quantified by graphical invariants","volume":"60","author":"T Haynes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Match Commun Math Comput Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-S6-S21","article-title":"A predictive model for secondary RNA structure using graph theory and a neural network","volume":"11","author":"DR Koessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80251","article-title":"Parallel algorithms for finding a near-maximum independent set of a circle graph","volume":"1","author":"Y Takefuji","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref093","volume-title":"1st International Multi Symposium on Computer and Computational Sciences","author":"Q Liu","year":"2006"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref094","first-page":"121","article-title":"Neural networks, adaptive optimization, and RNA secondary structure prediction","author":"EW Steeg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artificial intelligence and molecular biology"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref095","author":"B Apolloni","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA Secondary Structure Prediction by MFT Neural Networks"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref096","first-page":"0975","article-title":"Secondary Structure Prediction of RNA using Machine Learning Method","volume":"10","author":"R Qasim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13395-9","article-title":"SPOT-RNA: RNA Secondary Structure Prediction using an Ensemble of Two-dimensional Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning","volume":"10","author":"J Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref098","article-title":"Improved RNA Secondary Structure and Tertiary Base-pairing Prediction Using Evolutionary Profile, Mutational Coupling and Two-dimensional Transfer Learning","author":"J Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref099","article-title":"RNA Secondary Structure Prediction By Learning Unrolled Algorithms","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref100","first-page":"lqaa090","volume":"2","author":"N Calonaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Machine learning a model for RNA structure prediction"},{"issue":"Suppl 25","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-3258-7","article-title":"Predicting RNA secondary structure via adaptive deep recurrent neural networks with energy-based filter","volume":"20","author":"W Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref102","article-title":"RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Based on Long Short-Term Memory Model","author":"H Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"14th International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC)"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.12.041","article-title":"Developing parallel ant colonies filtered by deep learned constrains for predicting RNA secondary structure with pseudo-knots","volume":"384","author":"L Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00467","article-title":"A New Method of RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Dynamic Programming","volume":"10","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00143","article-title":"DMfold: A Novel Method to Predict RNA Secondary Structure With Pseudoknots Based on Deep Learning and Improved Base Pair Maximization Principle","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2496347","article-title":"A New Method to Predict RNA Secondary Structure Based on RNA Folding Simulation","volume":"13","author":"Y Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1515\/cmb-2020-0002","article-title":"Improving RNA secondary structure prediction via state inference with deep recurrent neural networks","volume":"8","author":"D Willmott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Math Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806929106","article-title":"Accurate SHAPE-directed RNA structure determination","volume":"106","author":"KE Deigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref109","first-page":"69","article-title":"RNAZ 2.0: Improved Noncoding RNA Detection","volume":"15","author":"AR Gruber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biocomputing"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1134","article-title":"Computational analysis of noncoding RNAs","volume":"3","author":"S Washietl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500129102","article-title":"Tracking down noncoding RNAs","volume":"102","author":"V. Moulton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4731","DOI":"10.1088\/0305-4470\/37\/17\/005","article-title":"Efficient computation of RNA folding dynamics","volume":"37","author":"MT Wolfinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Phys A Math Gen"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg426","article-title":"OligoArray 2.0: design of oligonucleotide probes for DNA microarrays using a thermodynamic approach","volume":"31","author":"JM Rouillard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref114","first-page":"640","article-title":"Efficient siRNA selection using hybridization thermodynamics","volume":"36","author":"ZJ Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1404","article-title":"The impact of target site accessibility on the design of effective siRNAs","volume":"26","author":"H Tafer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt759","article-title":"Systemically delivered antisense oligomers upregulate gene expression in mouse tissues","volume":"20","author":"P Sazani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1021\/cb700174r","article-title":"A small molecule microarray platform to select RNA internal loop-ligand interactions","volume":"2","author":"JL Childs-Disney","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.1021\/jm100231t","article-title":"Strategies for Recognition of Stem-Loop RNA Structures by Synthetic Ligands: Application to the HIV-1 Frameshift Stimulatory Sequence","volume":"53","author":"PB Palde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"7228","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07758","article-title":"The promises and pitfalls of RNA-interference-based therapeutics","volume":"457","author":"D Castanotto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"48","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16254","DOI":"10.1021\/ja804398y","article-title":"Dynamic Combinatorial Selection of Molecules Capable of Inhibiting the (CUG) Repeat RNA-MBNL1 Interaction In Vitro: Discovery of Lead Compounds Targeting Myotonic Dystrophy (DM1)","volume":"130","author":"PC Gareiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref121","first-page":"e02190","article-title":"The global and local distribution of RNA structure throughout the SARS-CoV-2 genome","volume":"95","author":"RdCA Tavares","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11270","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa864","article-title":"Structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and predictions of the human interactome","volume":"48","author":"A Vandelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-340","article-title":"RNA STRAND: the RNA secondary structure and statistical analysis database","volume":"9","author":"M Andronescu","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"D1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D437","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1038","article-title":"RCSB Protein Data Bank: powerful new tools for exploring 3D structures of biological macromolecules for basic and applied research and education in fundamental biology, biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering and energy sciences","volume":"49","author":"SK Burley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5381","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky285","article-title":"bpRNA: large-scale automated annotation and analysis of RNA secondary structure","volume":"46","author":"P Danaee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D159","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn772","article-title":"tRNAdb 2009: compilation of tRNA sequences and tRNA genes","volume":"37","author":"F Juhling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.13.3051","article-title":"Collection of small subunit (16S- and 16S-like) ribosomal RNA structures","volume":"21","author":"RR Gutell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg019","article-title":"tmRDB (tmRNA database)","volume":"31","author":"C Zwieb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"baz153","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baz153","article-title":"RNA CoSSMos 2.0: an improved searchable database of secondary structure motifs in RNA three-dimensional structures","author":"KE Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Database-Oxford"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/19336934.2020.1864201","article-title":"PseudoBase: a genomic visualization and exploration resource for the Drosophila pseudoobscura subgroup","volume":"15","author":"KL Korunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fly"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.395","article-title":"NCIR: a database of non-canonical interactions in known RNA structures","volume":"30","author":"U Nagaswamy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.053694.115","article-title":"Exact calculation of loop formation probability identifies folding motifs in RNA secondary structures","volume":"22","author":"MF Sloma","year":"2016","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11570","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx815","article-title":"TurboFold II: RNA structural alignment and secondary structure prediction informed by multiple homologs","volume":"45","author":"Z Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565","article-title":"CD-HIT: accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data","volume":"28","author":"LM Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1089\/106652700750050862","article-title":"RNA pseudoknot prediction in energy-based models","volume":"7","author":"RB Lyngso","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.035","article-title":"Evolutionary conservation of long non-coding RNAs; sequence, structure, function","volume":"1840","author":"P Johnsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.24971","article-title":"The four ingredients of single-sequence RNA secondary structure prediction. A unifying perspective","volume":"10","author":"E. Rivas","year":"2013","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1009291.ref138","article-title":"Machine Learning Interpretability: A Survey on Methods and Metrics","volume":"8","author":"DV Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electronics-Switz."},{"key":"pcbi.1009291.ref139","first-page":"143","article-title":"RNA Secondary Structure Prediction by MFT Neural Networks","author":"B Apolloni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Forsch"}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T22:20:01Z","timestamp":1699395601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009291"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shi-Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009291","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}}}