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Although each technique has spatial and temporal limitations, they can each provide important insights into the visual code. While the BOLD signal of fMRI can be quite informative, the visual code is not static and this can be obscured by fMRI\u2019s poor temporal resolution. In this study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of EEG to develop an encoding technique based on the distribution of responses generated by a population of real-world scenes. This approach maps neural signals to each pixel within a given image and reveals location-specific transformations of the visual code, providing a spatiotemporal signature for the image at each electrode. Our analyses of the mapping results revealed that scenes undergo a series of nonuniform transformations that prioritize different spatial frequencies at different regions of scenes over time. This mapping technique offers a potential avenue for future studies to explore how dynamic feedforward and recurrent processes inform and refine high-level representations of our visual world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T15:54:43Z","timestamp":1632758083000},"page":"e1009456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dynamic Electrode-to-Image (DETI) mapping reveals the human brain\u2019s spatiotemporal code of visual information"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8898-1688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruce C.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-4715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3726-05.2005","article-title":"Do we know what the early visual system does?","volume":"25","author":"M Carandini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(82)90113-4","article-title":"Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex","volume":"22","author":"RL De Valois","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(82)90112-2","article-title":"The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex","volume":"22","author":"RL De Valois","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009456.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90201-F","article-title":"Inhibitory refinement of spatial frequency selectivity in single cells of the cat striate cortex","volume":"31","author":"LA Bauman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3136","article-title":"Canonical Neural Computation","volume":"13","author":"M Carandini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1009456.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.1.144","article-title":"Organization of suppression in receptive fields of neurons in cat visual cortex","volume":"68","author":"GC DeAngelis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.009","article-title":"Origin and function of tuning diversity in macaque visual cortex","volume":"88","author":"RLT Goris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pcbi.1009456.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00819-X","article-title":"Durand, S, Kiper, DC, Carandini, M. 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