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Mass testing strategies, which rely on widely administered frequent and rapid diagnostics to identify and isolate infected individuals, could be a potentially less disruptive management strategy, particularly where vaccine access is limited. In this paper, we assess the extent to which mass testing and isolation strategies can reduce reliance on socially costly non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as distancing and shutdowns. We develop a multi-compartmental model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission incorporating both preventative non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and testing and isolation to evaluate their combined effect on public health outcomes. Our model is designed to be a policy-guiding tool that captures important realities of the testing system, including constraints on test administration and non-random testing allocation. We show how strategic changes in the characteristics of the testing system, including test administration, test delays, and test sensitivity, can reduce reliance on preventative NPIs without compromising public health outcomes in the future. The lowest NPI levels are possible only when many tests are administered and test delays are short, given limited immunity in the population. Reducing reliance on NPIs is highly dependent on the ability of a testing program to identify and isolate unreported, asymptomatic infections. Changes in NPIs, including the intensity of lockdowns and stay at home orders, should be coordinated with increases in testing to ensure epidemic control; otherwise small additional lifting of these NPIs can lead to dramatic increases in infections, hospitalizations and deaths. Importantly, our results can be used to guide ramp-up of testing capacity in outbreak settings, allow for the flexible design of combined interventions based on social context, and inform future cost-benefit analyses to identify efficient pandemic management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T17:24:55Z","timestamp":1635441895000},"page":"e1009518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Synergistic interventions to control COVID-19: Mass testing and isolation mitigates reliance on distancing"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0639-3728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Howerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-8168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1158-3753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ottar N.","family":"Bj\u00f8rnstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-5289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Bogich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-2913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Borchering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-2178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris P.","family":"Jewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-2890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James D.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-759X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William J. M.","family":"Probert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-536X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-7232","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tildesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-4711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Viboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katriona","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.6.2000110","article-title":"Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.","volume":"25","author":"BJ Cowling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008274","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 control measures using a Bayesian model of physical distancing.","volume":"16","author":"SC Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.031","article-title":"Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea.","volume":"93","author":"E Shim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30421-9","article-title":"COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year","volume":"395","author":"S Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pcbi.1009518.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6935a2","article-title":"Timing of state and territorial COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and changes in population movement\u2014United States, March 1\u2013May 31, 2020.","volume":"69","author":"A. 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