{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:40:05Z","timestamp":1774406405926,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009756","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000}}],"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["742555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatial localisation of proteins is critical for most cellular function. In bacteria, this is typically achieved through capture by established landmark proteins. However, this requires that the protein is diffusive on the appropriate timescale. It is therefore unknown how the localisation of effectively immobile proteins is achieved. Here, we investigate the localisation to the division site of the slowly diffusing lipoprotein Pal, which anchors the outer membrane to the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. While the proton motive force-linked TolQRAB system is known to be required for this repositioning, the underlying mechanism is unresolved, especially given the very low mobility of Pal. We present a quantitative, mathematical model for Pal relocalisation in which dissociation of TolB-Pal complexes, powered by the proton motive force across the inner membrane, leads to the net transport of Pal along the outer membrane and its deposition at the division septum. We fit the model to experimental measurements of protein mobility and successfully test its predictions experimentally against mutant phenotypes. Our model not only explains a key aspect of cell division in Gram-negative bacteria, but also presents a physical mechanism for the transport of low-mobility proteins that may be applicable to multi-membrane organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T18:39:06Z","timestamp":1640803146000},"page":"e1009756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The quantitative basis for the redistribution of immobile bacterial lipoproteins to division septa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5837-3091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lara","family":"Connolley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2441-6310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna","family":"Szczepaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-0302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin","family":"Kleanthous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-0774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Se\u00e1n M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.014","article-title":"Subcellular Organization: A Critical Feature of Bacterial Cell Replication","volume":"172","author":"IV Surovtsev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104313","article-title":"Physics of Intracellular Organization in Bacteria","volume":"69","author":"NS Wingreen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref003","first-page":"5","article-title":"How Important Is Protein Diffusion in Prokaryotes?","author":"PE Schavemaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.224","article-title":"Allosteric \u03b2-propeller signalling in TolB and its manipulation by translocating colicins","volume":"28","author":"DA Bonsor","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15083-5","article-title":"The lipoprotein Pal stabilises the bacterial outer membrane during constriction by a mobilisation-and-capture mechanism","volume":"11","author":"J Szczepaniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13908","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane constriction","volume":"107","author":"AJF Egan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1009756.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05571.x","article-title":"Boer PAJD. 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