{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:28:53Z","timestamp":1773188933851,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009969","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000}}],"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM133644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM133644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Intramural Research Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Research Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clathrin-coated structures must assemble on cell membranes to internalize receptors, with the clathrin protein only linked to the membrane via adaptor proteins. These structures can grow surprisingly large, containing over 20 clathrin, yet they often fail to form productive vesicles, instead aborting and disassembling. We show that clathrin structures of this size can both form and disassemble spontaneously when adaptor protein availability is low, despite high abundance of clathrin. Here, we combine recent\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    kinetic measurements with microscopic reaction-diffusion simulations and theory to differentiate mechanisms of stable vs unstable clathrin assembly on membranes. While\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditions drive assembly of robust, stable lattices, we show that concentrations, geometry, and dimensional reduction in physiologic-like conditions do not support nucleation if only the key adaptor AP-2 is included, due to its insufficient abundance. Nucleation requires a stoichiometry of adaptor to clathrin that exceeds 1:1, meaning additional adaptor types are necessary to form lattices successfully and efficiently. We show that the critical nucleus contains ~25 clathrin, remarkably similar to sizes of the transient and abortive structures observed\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lastly, we quantify the cost of bending the membrane under our curved clathrin lattices using a continuum membrane model. We find that the cost of bending the membrane could be largely offset by the energetic benefit of forming curved rather than flat structures, with numbers comparable to experiments. Our model predicts how adaptor density can tune clathrin-coated structures from the transient to the stable, showing that active energy consumption is therefore not required for lattice disassembly or remodeling during growth, which is a critical advance towards predicting productive vesicle formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T13:42:37Z","timestamp":1647870157000},"page":"e1009969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Large self-assembled clathrin lattices spontaneously disassemble without sufficient adaptor proteins"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-8060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Si-Kao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-8212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Sodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9881-291X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1009969.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08910","article-title":"The endocytic matrix","volume":"463","author":"G Scita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2748","article-title":"Endocytosis and signalling: intertwining molecular networks","volume":"10","author":"A Sorkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.08.017","article-title":"Endocytosis by random initiation and stabilization of clathrin-coated pits","volume":"118","author":"M Ehrlich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000057","article-title":"Cargo and dynamin regulate clathrin-coated pit maturation","volume":"7","author":"D Loerke","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00568.x","article-title":"Multiple roles of auxilin and hsc70 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"8","author":"E Eisenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3151","article-title":"Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"12","author":"HT McMahon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200104085","article-title":"Clathrin exchange during clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"155","author":"X Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000604","article-title":"A High Precision Survey of the Molecular Dynamics of Mammalian Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis","volume":"9","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3498","article-title":"Endocytic proteins are partitioned at the edge of the clathrin lattice in mammalian cells","volume":"19","author":"KA Sochacki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200908078","article-title":"Cargo- and adaptor-specific mechanisms regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"188","author":"M Mettlen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201008117","article-title":"Local clustering of transferrin receptors promotes clathrin-coated pit initiation","volume":"191","author":"AP Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.047","article-title":"The first five seconds in the life of a clathrin-coated pit","volume":"150","author":"E Cocucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6241","key":"pcbi.1009969.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9555","article-title":"ENDOCYTOSIS. 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