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Our current understanding of such \u201cgrowth laws\u201d neglects degradation, assuming that it occurs slowly compared to the cell cycle duration. Here we argue that this assumption cannot hold at slow growth, leading to important consequences. We propose a simple framework showing that at slow growth protein degradation is balanced by a fraction of \u201cmaintenance\u201d ribosomes. Consequently, active ribosomes do not drop to zero at vanishing growth, but as growth rate diminishes, an increasing fraction of active ribosomes performs maintenance. Through a detailed analysis of compiled data, we show that the predictions of this model agree with data from\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Intriguingly, we also find that protein degradation increases at slow growth, which we interpret as a consequence of active waste management and\/or recycling. Our results highlight protein turnover as an underrated factor for our understanding of growth laws across kingdoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1651498459000},"page":"e1010059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Protein degradation sets the fraction of active ribosomes at vanishing 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