{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:17:54Z","timestamp":1772173074894,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010359","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000}}],"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>Anabaena<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus is a model organism of filamentous cyanobacteria whose vegetative cells can differentiate under nitrogen-limited conditions into a type of cell called heterocyst. These heterocysts lose the possibility to divide and are necessary for the colony because they can fix and share environmental nitrogen. In order to distribute the nitrogen efficiently, heterocysts are arranged to form a quasi-regular pattern whose features are maintained as the filament grows. Recent efforts have allowed advances in the understanding of the interactions and genetic mechanisms underlying this dynamic pattern. However, the main role of the\n                    <jats:italic>patA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>hetF<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes are yet to be clarified; in particular, the\n                    <jats:italic>patA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant forms heterocysts almost exclusively in the terminal cells of the filament. In this work, we investigate the function of these genes and provide a theoretical model that explains how they interact within the broader genetic network, reproducing their knock-out phenotypes in several genetic backgrounds, including a nearly uniform concentration of HetR along the filament for the\n                    <jats:italic>patA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant. Our results suggest a role of\n                    <jats:italic>hetF<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>patA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a post-transcriptional modification of HetR which is essential for its regulatory function. In addition, the existence of molecular leakage out of the filament in its boundary cells is enough to explain the preferential appearance of terminal heterocysts, without any need for a distinct regulatory pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1660570937000},"page":"e1010359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Terminal heterocyst differentiation in the Anabaena patA mutant as a result of post-transcriptional modifications and molecular leakage"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-7469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pau","family":"Casanova-Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6214-4083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7594-9507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Javier","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.07.005","article-title":"Heterocyst Differentiation: From Single Mutants to Global Approaches","volume":"20","author":"AM Muro-Pastor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1010359.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0854-3","volume-title":"Synthetic Biology of Cyanobacteria","author":"XSW Zhang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14370","article-title":"Genetic Responses to Carbon and Nitrogen Availability in Anabaena","volume":"21","author":"A Herrero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2242","article-title":"Compartmentalized Function through Cell Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria","volume":"8","author":"E Flores","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1010359.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394313-2.00008-1","volume-title":"Genomics of Cyanobacteria. vol. 65 of Advances in Botanical Research","author":"A Herrero","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.04.003","article-title":"Cellular Differentiation and the NtcA Transcription Factor in Filamentous Cyanobacteria","volume":"28","author":"A Herrero","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04979.x","article-title":"Heterocyst Differentiation and Pattern Formation in Cyanobacteria: A Chorus of Signals","volume":"59","author":"CC Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"pcbi.1010359.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6126","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00787-08","article-title":"Transcription Activation by NtcA and 2-Oxoglutarate of Three Genes Involved in Heterocyst Differentiation in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena Sp. 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