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Such large-scale MGEs can potentially lead to outbreaks of infectious disease and contribute to the global dissemination of such pathogens. Here we adapt previous work and create a generalisable model framework for assessing the use of disease control strategies at such events, in terms of reducing infections and hospitalisations. This framework utilises a combination of meta-populations based on clusters of people and their vaccination status, Ordinary Differential Equation integration between fixed time events, and Latin Hypercube sampling. We use the FIFA 2022 World Cup as a case study for this framework (modelling each match as independent 7 day MGEs). Pre-travel screenings of visitors were found to have little effect in reducing COVID-19 infections and hospitalisations. With pre-match screenings of spectators and match staff being more effective. Rapid Antigen (RA) screenings 0.5 days before match day performed similarly to RT-PCR screenings 1.5 days before match day. Combinations of pre-travel and pre-match testing led to improvements. However, a policy of ensuring that all visitors had a COVID-19 vaccination (second or booster dose) within a few months before departure proved to be much more efficacious. The State of Qatar abandoned all COVID-19 related travel testing and vaccination requirements over the period of the World Cup. Our work suggests that the State of Qatar may have been correct in abandoning the pre-travel testing of visitors. However, there was a spike in COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations within Qatar over the World Cup. Given our findings and the spike in cases, we suggest a policy requiring visitors to have had a recent COVID-19 vaccination should have been in place to reduce cases and hospitalisations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T13:25:36Z","timestamp":1705584336000},"page":"e1011018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modelling disease mitigation at mass gatherings: A case study of COVID-19 at the 2022 FIFA World Cup"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-8007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Grunnill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-5027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julien","family":"Arino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3760-3740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zachary","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola Luigi","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Coudeville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edward W.","family":"Thommes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amine","family":"Amiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-5962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abbas","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Bourouiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9574-7614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammadali","family":"Tofighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Asgary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mortaza","family":"Baky-Haskuee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1011018.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma A, Ahmad Farouk I, Lal SK. 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