{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:29:57Z","timestamp":1781112597552,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000}}],"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-20-1-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-20-1-2027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-22-1-0337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-22-1-0337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interface between processing internal goals and salient events in the environment involves various top-down processes. Previous studies have identified multiple brain areas for salience processing, including the salience network (SN), dorsal attention network, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. However, interactions among these systems in salience processing remain unclear. Here, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry, EEG, and fMRI during an auditory oddball paradigm. The analyses of EEG and fMRI data uncovered spatiotemporally organized target-associated neural correlates. By modeling the target-modulated effective connectivity, we found that the target-evoked pupillary response is associated with the network directional couplings from late to early subsystems in the trial, as well as the network switching initiated by the SN. These findings indicate that the SN might cooperate with the pupil-indexed LC-NE system in the reset and switching of cortical networks, and shed light on their implications in various cognitive processes and neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T13:29:32Z","timestamp":1683898172000},"page":"e1011081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Pupillary response is associated with the reset and switching of functional brain networks during salience processing"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6925-8179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hengda","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linbi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3857","article-title":"Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"AUGUST","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref002","first-page":"246","article-title":"Error awareness and salience processing in the oddball task: shared neural mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"HA Harsay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model","volume":"15","author":"V Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/72991","article-title":"A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment","volume":"3","author":"J Downar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00636.2001","article-title":"A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities","volume":"87","author":"J Downar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22326","article-title":"Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"H Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007","article-title":"Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control","volume":"27","author":"WW Seeley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","article-title":"An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance","volume":"28","author":"G Aston-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"40","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803716115","article-title":"Phasic locus coeruleus activity regulates cortical encoding of salience information","volume":"115","author":"EM Vazey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01226.x","article-title":"Pupillometry and P3 index the locus coeruleus\u2013noradrenergic arousal function in humans","volume":"48","author":"PR Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.028","article-title":"Relationships between pupil diameter and neuronal activity in the locus coeruleus, colliculi, and cingulate cortex","volume":"89","author":"S Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22466","article-title":"Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus","volume":"35","author":"PR Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.03.005","article-title":"Pupil size as a window on neural substrates of cognition","volume":"24","author":"S Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.09.002","article-title":"Network reset: a simplified overarching theory of locus coeruleus noradrenaline function","volume":"28","author":"S Bouret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.2.252","article-title":"Pupil diameter tracks changes in control state predicted by the adaptive gain theory of locus coeruleus function","volume":"10","author":"MS Gilzenrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.017","article-title":"The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind","volume":"58","author":"M Corbetta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6059","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209603","article-title":"Stress-related noradrenergic activity prompts large-scale neural network reconfiguration","volume":"334","author":"EJ Hermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117409","article-title":"Uncovering the locus coeruleus: comparison of localization methods for functional analysis","volume":"224","author":"V M\u00e4ki-Marttunen","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"30","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7865","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0744-16.2016","article-title":"Catecholaminergic neuromodulation shapes intrinsic MRI functional connectivity in the human brain","volume":"36","author":"RL Van den Brink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00340","article-title":"Brainstem modulation of large-scale intrinsic cortical activity correlations","volume":"13","author":"RL van den Brink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.034","article-title":"Rapid reconfiguration of the functional connectome after chemogenetic locus coeruleus activation","volume":"103","author":"V Zerbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.04.002","article-title":"Neuromodulatory influences on integration and segregation in the brain","volume":"23","author":"JM Shine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref023","first-page":"4662","article-title":"A state-space model for inferring effective connectivity of latent neural dynamics from simultaneous EEG\/fMRI","volume":"32","author":"T Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4406","article-title":"Activity flow over resting-state networks shapes cognitive task activations","volume":"19","author":"MW Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7615","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18933","article-title":"A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex","volume":"536","author":"MF Glasser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx307","article-title":"The hierarchical organization of the default, dorsal attention and salience networks in adolescents and young adults","volume":"28","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","article-title":"Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function","volume":"214","author":"V Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"issue":"49","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19212","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2649-13.2013","article-title":"Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals temporal evolution of coupling between supramodal cortical attention networks and the brainstem","volume":"33","author":"JM Walz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-100220-093239","article-title":"Inferring Macroscale Brain Dynamics via Fusion of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI","volume":"44","author":"MG Philiastides","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.062","article-title":"Single-trial discrimination for integrating simultaneous EEG and fMRI: Identifying cortical areas contributing to trial-to-trial variability in the auditory oddball task","volume":"47","author":"RI Goldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"27","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102","article-title":"The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks","volume":"102","author":"MD Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"47","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10702","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2939-04.2004","article-title":"Control of attention shifts between vision and audition in human cortex","volume":"24","author":"S Shomstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"39","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13880","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1519-10.2011","article-title":"Dynamic activation of frontal, parietal, and sensory regions underlying anticipatory visual spatial attention","volume":"31","author":"VG Simpson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00744-6","article-title":"Towards a universal taxonomy of macro-scale functional human brain networks","volume":"32","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3470","article-title":"Multi-task connectivity reveals flexible hubs for adaptive task control","volume":"16","author":"MW Cole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"33","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","article-title":"Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration","volume":"104","author":"DA Fair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"36","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2559-19.2020","article-title":"Flexible coordinator and switcher hubs for adaptive task control","volume":"40","author":"VC Cocuzza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"26","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11073","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704320104","article-title":"Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans","volume":"104","author":"NUF Dosenbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"41","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14305","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1358-12.2012","article-title":"Alpha-band phase synchrony is related to activity in the fronto-parietal adaptive control network","volume":"32","author":"S Sadaghiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu072","article-title":"Functional characterization of the cingulo-opercular network in the maintenance of tonic alertness","volume":"25","author":"S Sadaghiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1830","article-title":"Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal cortex","volume":"10","author":"M Isoda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125642","article-title":"Task set and prefrontal cortex","volume":"31","author":"K Sakai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","author":"MM Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.038","article-title":"Cortical membrane potential signature of optimal states for sensory signal detection","volume":"87","author":"MJ McGinley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.034","article-title":"Coupling between pupil fluctuations and resting-state fMRI uncovers a slow build-up of antagonistic responses in the human cortex","volume":"106","author":"D Yellin","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.011","article-title":"Spontaneous pupil dilations during the resting state are associated with activation of the salience network","volume":"139","author":"M Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118369","article-title":"The modulation of brain network integration and arousal during exploration","volume":"240","author":"N Tardiff","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3428","article-title":"The effects of neural gain on attention and learning","volume":"16","author":"E Eldar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"32","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0435-20.2020","article-title":"Pupillary dynamics link spontaneous and task-evoked activations recorded directly from human insula","volume":"40","author":"A Kucyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.2.276","article-title":"Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources","volume":"91","author":"J Beatty","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91008","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091008","article-title":"Overlapping neural systems represent cognitive effort and reward anticipation","volume":"9","author":"E Vassena","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.047","article-title":"Anterior cingulate activity during error and autonomic response","volume":"27","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3961","article-title":"Anxious individuals have difficulty learning the causal statistics of aversive environments","volume":"18","author":"M Browning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2724-17.2018","article-title":"Bottom-up and top-down factors differentially influence stimulus representations across large-scale attentional networks","volume":"38","author":"NM Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.031","article-title":"Noradrenergic ensemble-based modulation of cognition over multiple timescales","volume":"1709","author":"NKBB Totah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c2937c","article-title":"The locus ceruleus norepinephrine system: functional organization and potential clinical significance","volume":"73","author":"EE Benarroch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0360-9","article-title":"Locus coeruleus: a new look at the blue spot","volume":"21","author":"GR Poe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"34","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800005105","article-title":"A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks","volume":"105","author":"D Sridharan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2733-15.2016","article-title":"Extrinsic and intrinsic brain network connectivity maintains cognition across the lifespan despite accelerated decay of regional brain activation","volume":"36","author":"KA Tsvetanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X15000667","article-title":"Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory","volume":"39","author":"M Mather","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"48","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10305","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0079-18.2018","article-title":"Direct cortical recordings suggest temporal order of task-evoked responses in human dorsal attention and default networks","volume":"38","author":"O Raccah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14166-2","article-title":"Electrophysiological dynamics of antagonistic brain networks reflect attentional fluctuations","volume":"11","author":"A Kucyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"P1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.014","article-title":"Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals a temporal cascade of task-related and default-mode activations during a simple target detection task","volume":"102","author":"JM Walz","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118616","article-title":"Spectral signature of attentional reorienting in the human brain","author":"S Spadone","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain\u2019s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"RL Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06481","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06481","article-title":"Recruitment of the default mode network during a demanding act of executive control","volume":"4","author":"BM Crittenden","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1111-17.2017","article-title":"Attention shifts recruit the monkey default mode network","volume":"38","author":"JT Arsenault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.06.004","article-title":"A neural model of mind wandering","volume":"20","author":"M Mittner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"46","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2110630118","article-title":"Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system","volume":"118","author":"JS Tsukahara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref070","first-page":"1581","article-title":"The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in stress and arousal: Unraveling historical, current, and future perspectives","volume":"0","author":"JA Ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"34","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7476","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0514-18.2018","article-title":"Amplification and suppression of distinct brainwide activity patterns by catecholamines","volume":"38","author":"RL van den Brink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"21","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.09.039","article-title":"Organization of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system","volume":"25","author":"LA Schwarz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4642","article-title":"Modular organization of the brainstem noradrenaline system coordinates opposing learning states","volume":"20","author":"A Uematsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.04.001","article-title":"Thalamic control of functional cortical connectivity","volume":"44","author":"M Nakajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0212-7","article-title":"The brain\u2019s default network: updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights","volume":"20","author":"RL Buckner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.026","article-title":"Uncertainty, neuromodulation, and attention","volume":"46","author":"AJ Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-100219-105424","article-title":"Neuromodulation of brain state and behavior","volume":"43","author":"DA Mccormick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23173","article-title":"Differential involvement of brainstem noradrenergic and midbrain dopaminergic nuclei in cognitive control","volume":"37","author":"S K\u00f6hler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51260","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51260","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of the exploration\/exploitation trade-off in human decision-making","volume":"9","author":"K Chakroun","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.01.001","article-title":"The locus coeruleus: essential for maintaining cognitive function and the aging brain","volume":"20","author":"M Mather","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00002","article-title":"The decline in intrinsic connectivity between the salience network and locus coeruleus in older adults: Implications for distractibility","volume":"12","author":"TH Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref082","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Pupil-linked phasic arousal relates to the reduction of response inhibition: inferences from a simultaneous pupillometry and EEG-fMRI study","author":"L Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2019.0731","article-title":"Integration of simultaneous resting-state electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and eye-tracker methods to determine and verify electroencephalography vigilance measure","volume":"10","author":"A Mayeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117412","article-title":"Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry","volume":"224","author":"JM Groot","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-015-0404-0","article-title":"Functional MRI of the brainstem: Common problems and their solutions","volume":"25","author":"F Beissner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Neuroradiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref086","first-page":"2711","article-title":"An automatic and subject-specific method for locus coeruleus localization and BOLD activity extraction","volume":"29","author":"H He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.059","article-title":"A multimodal encoding model applied to imaging decision-related neural cascades in the human brain","volume":"180","author":"J Muraskin","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1011081.ref088","unstructured":"Brain-Products. BrainAmp & BrainAmp MR series operating instructions. Brain Products GmbH; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.brainproducts.com\/downloads\/manuals\/brainamp-series-brainamp-mr-series-operating-instructions."},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.032","article-title":"Recipes for the linear analysis of EEG","volume":"28","author":"LC Parra","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00443-9","article-title":"Bayesian second-level analysis of functional magnetic resonance images","volume":"20","author":"J Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.012","article-title":"In vivo mapping of the human locus coeruleus","volume":"47","author":"NI Keren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011081.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22509-1","article-title":"Real-world stress resilience is associated with the responsivity of the locus coeruleus","volume":"12","author":"M Grueschow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature communications"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T13:37:43Z","timestamp":1684935463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Marinazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011081","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.01.29.478345","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]}}}