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Computer vision made impressive progress on this front, but it is still unclear to which extent artificial neural networks approximate human object vision at the behavioral and neural levels. Here, we investigated whether machine object vision mimics the representational hierarchy of human object vision with an experimental design that allows testing within-domain representations for animals and scenes, as well as across-domain representations reflecting their real-world contextual regularities such as animal-scene pairs that often co-occur in the visual environment. We found that DCNNs trained in object recognition acquire representations, in their late processing stage, that closely capture human conceptual judgements about the co-occurrence of animals and their typical scenes. Likewise, the DCNNs representational hierarchy shows surprising similarities with the representational transformations emerging in domain-specific ventrotemporal areas up to domain-general frontoparietal areas. Despite these remarkable similarities, the underlying information processing differs. The ability of neural networks to learn a human-like high-level conceptual representation of object-scene co-occurrence depends upon the amount of object-scene co-occurrence present in the image set thus highlighting the fundamental role of training history. Further, although mid\/high-level DCNN layers represent the category division for animals and scenes as observed in VTC, its information content shows reduced domain-specific representational richness. To conclude, by testing within- and between-domain selectivity while manipulating contextual regularities we reveal unknown similarities and differences in the information processing strategies employed by human and artificial visual systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:32:59Z","timestamp":1682688779000},"page":"e1011086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The representational hierarchy in human and artificial visual systems in the presence of object-scene regularities"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1435-2536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefania","family":"Bracci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Mraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Leys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Op de Beeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1011086.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.03.009","article-title":"Reading scenes: how scene grammar guides attention and aids perception in real-world environments","volume":"29","author":"ML Vo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"issue":"6676","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/33402","article-title":"A cortical representation of the local visual environment","volume":"392","author":"R Epstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.18.8135","article-title":"Object-related activity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging in human occipital cortex","volume":"92","author":"R Malach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"33","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1714-18.2019","article-title":"The Ventral Visual Pathway Represents Animal Appearance over Animacy, Unlike Human Behavior and Deep Neural Networks.","volume":"39","author":"S Bracci","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience."},{"key":"pcbi.1011086.ref005","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Untangling the animacy organization of occipitotemporal cortex.","author":"JB Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18325-8","article-title":"Rapid and dynamic processing of face pareidolia in the human brain","volume":"11","author":"SG Wardle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7322","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4588-10.2011","article-title":"Real-world scene representations in high-level visual cortex: it\u2019s the spaces more than the places.","volume":"31","author":"DJ Kravitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3885-10.2011","article-title":"Disentangling scene content from spatial boundary: complementary roles for the parahippocampal place area and lateral occipital complex in representing real-world scenes.","volume":"31","author":"S Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience."},{"issue":"18","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618228114","article-title":"Coding of navigational affordances in the human visual system","volume":"114","author":"MF Bonner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"4043","key":"pcbi.1011086.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4043.77","article-title":"Perceiving real-world scenes","volume":"177","author":"I. 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