{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:10:26Z","timestamp":1774714226973,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011306","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000}}],"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mechanical forces are critical for the emergence of diverse three-dimensional morphologies of multicellular systems. However, it remains unclear what kind of mechanical parameters at cellular level substantially contribute to tissue morphologies. This is largely due to technical limitations of live measurements of cellular forces. Here we developed a framework for inferring and modeling mechanical forces of cell\u2013cell interactions. First, by analogy to coarse-grained models in molecular and colloidal sciences, we approximated cells as particles, where mean forces (i.e. effective forces) of pairwise cell\u2013cell interactions are considered. Then, the forces were statistically inferred by fitting the mathematical model to cell tracking data. This method was validated by using synthetic cell tracking data resembling various\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    situations. Application of our method to the cells in the early embryos of mice and the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed that cell\u2013cell interaction forces can be written as a pairwise potential energy in a manner dependent on cell\u2013cell distances. Importantly, the profiles of the pairwise potentials were quantitatively different among species and embryonic stages, and the quantitative differences correctly described the differences of their morphological features such as spherical vs. distorted cell aggregates, and tightly vs. non-tightly assembled aggregates. We conclude that the effective pairwise potential of cell\u2013cell interactions is a live measurable parameter whose quantitative differences can be a parameter describing three-dimensional tissue morphologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T13:31:53Z","timestamp":1691415113000},"page":"e1011306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effective mechanical potential of cell\u2013cell interaction explains three-dimensional morphologies during early embryogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-6754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Koyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Atsushi M.","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-6722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tetsuhisa","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kagayaki","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1011306.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2007.05.002","article-title":"Differential adhesion in morphogenesis: a modern view","volume":"17","author":"MS Steinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"pcbi.1011306.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235249","article-title":"Mechanics of epithelial tissue homeostasis and 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