{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1789678139964,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011735","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000}}],"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R35GM137895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R35GM137895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006781","name":"Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HMS Junior Faculty Armenise"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HMS Junior Faculty Armenise"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023581","name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE 2140743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 2140743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Systems, Synthetic, and Quantitative Biology Training grant","award":["T32GM135014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM135014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacteria like\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    grow at vastly different rates on different substrates, however, the precise reason for this variability is poorly understood. Different growth rates have been attributed to \u2018nutrient quality\u2019, a key parameter in bacterial growth laws. However, it remains unclear to what extent nutrient quality is rooted in fundamental biochemical constraints like the energy content of nutrients, the protein cost required for their uptake and catabolism, or the capacity of the plasma membrane for nutrient transporters. Here, we show that while nutrient quality is indeed reflected in protein investment in substrate-specific transporters and enzymes, this is not a fundamental limitation on growth rate, at least for certain \u2018poor\u2019 substrates. We show that it is possible to turn mannose, one of the \u2018poorest\u2019 substrates of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , into one of the \u2018best\u2019 substrates by reengineering chromosomal promoters of the mannose transporter and metabolic enzymes required for mannose degradation. This result falls in line with previous observations of more subtle growth rate improvement for many other carbon sources. However, we show that this faster growth rate comes at the cost of diverse cellular capabilities, reflected in longer lag phases, worse starvation survival and lower motility. We show that addition of cAMP to the medium can rescue these phenotypes but imposes a corresponding growth cost. Based on these data, we propose that nutrient quality is largely a self-determined, plastic property that can be modulated by the fraction of proteomic resources devoted to a specific substrate in the much larger proteome sector of catabolically activated genes. Rather than a fundamental biochemical limitation, nutrient quality reflects resource allocation decisions that are shaped by evolution in specific ecological niches and can be quickly adapted if necessary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T13:30:56Z","timestamp":1704720656000},"page":"e1011735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Plasticity of growth laws tunes resource allocation strategies in 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