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Yet when asked to behave randomly, people are typically too predictable. We argue that these apparently contrasting observations have the same origin: the operation of a general-purpose local sampling algorithm for probabilistic inference. This account makes distinctive predictions regarding random sequence generation, not predicted by previous accounts\u2014which suggests that randomness is produced by inhibition of habitual behavior, striving for unpredictability. We verify these predictions in two experiments: people show the same deviations from randomness when randomly generating from non-uniform or recently-learned distributions. In addition, our data show a novel signature behavior, that people\u2019s sequences have too few changes of trajectory, which argues against the specific local sampling algorithms that have been proposed in past work with other tasks. Using computational modeling, we show that local sampling where direction is maintained across trials best explains our data, which suggests it may be used in other tasks too. While local sampling has previously explained why people are unpredictable in standard cognitive tasks, here it also explains why human random sequences are not unpredictable enough.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T18:45:06Z","timestamp":1704480306000},"page":"e1011739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Explaining the flaws in human random generation as local sampling with momentum"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-0777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas","family":"Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-7602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Le\u00f3n-Villagr\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Chater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Sanborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1086\/257106","article-title":"An Experimental Measurement of Utility","volume":"59","author":"F Mosteller","year":"1951","journal-title":"The Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043064","article-title":"Comparison of Predictions and Estimates in a Probability Learning Situation","volume":"57","author":"ED Neimark","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6419.00106","article-title":"An Economist\u2019s Perspective on Probability Matching","volume":"14","author":"N Vulkan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Surveys"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.115.1.39","article-title":"Attention, Similarity, and the Identification-Categorization Relationship","volume":"115","author":"RM Nosofsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037010","article-title":"Surprisingly Rational: Probability Theory plus Noise Explains Biases in Judgment","volume":"121","author":"F Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001414","article-title":"A Unified Explanation of Variability and Bias in Human Probability Judgments: How Computational Noise Explains the Mean\u2013Variance Signature","volume":"152","author":"J Sundh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"pcbi.1011739.ref007","first-page":"937","article-title":"Modeling the Effects of Memory on Human Online Sentence Processing with Particle Filters","author":"RP Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00226","article-title":"Multistability and Perceptual Inference","volume":"24","author":"SJ Gershman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59","article-title":"A Theory of Memory Retrieval","volume":"85","author":"R Ratcliff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychological review"},{"issue":"16","key":"pcbi.1011739.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.07.013","article-title":"Asymmetric Predictability and Cognitive Competition in Football Penalty Shootouts","volume":"24","author":"E Misirlisoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"pcbi.1011739.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brockbank E, Vul E. 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