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One of the significant characteristics of the <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> parasite is its ability to remain dormant in the human liver as hypnozoites and subsequently reactivate after the initial infection (i.e. relapse infections). Mathematical modelling approaches have been widely applied to understand <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> dynamics and predict the impact of intervention outcomes. Models that capture <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> dynamics differ from those that capture <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> dynamics, as they must account for relapses caused by the activation of hypnozoites. In this article, we provide a scoping review of mathematical models that capture <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> transmission dynamics published between January 1988 and May 2023. The primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive summary of the mathematical models and techniques used to model <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> dynamics. In doing so, we aim to assist researchers working on mathematical epidemiology, disease transmission, and other aspects of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> malaria by highlighting best practices in currently published models and highlighting where further model development is required. We categorise <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> models according to whether a deterministic or agent-based approach was used. We provide an overview of the different strategies used to incorporate the parasite\u2019s biology, use of multiple scales (within-host and population-level), superinfection, immunity, and treatment interventions. In most of the published literature, the rationale for different modelling approaches was driven by the research question at hand. Some models focus on the parasites\u2019 complicated biology, while others incorporate simplified assumptions to avoid model complexity. Overall, the existing literature on mathematical models for <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> encompasses various aspects of the parasite\u2019s dynamics. We recommend that future research should focus on refining how key aspects of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> dynamics are modelled, including spatial heterogeneity in exposure risk and heterogeneity in susceptibility to infection, the accumulation of hypnozoite variation, the interaction between <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, acquisition of immunity, and recovery under superinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T17:51:36Z","timestamp":1710438696000},"page":"e1011931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mathematical models of Plasmodium vivax transmission: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-1266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Nurul","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-3559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-8706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somya","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1470-858X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camelia R.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3885-2230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ivory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eamon","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"McCaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-726X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Flegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roslyn I.","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1011931.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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