{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:21:43Z","timestamp":1775182903226,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000}}],"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Taiwan","award":["Yushan Fellowship 111V1004-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yushan Fellowship 111V1004-2"]}]},{"name":"UMC Postdoc Career Bridging Grant"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["(Grant No. 777072, INSIST project, INSIST \u2013 IN Silico clinical trials for Ischemic STroke)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Grant No. 777072, INSIST project, INSIST \u2013 IN Silico clinical trials for Ischemic STroke)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In ischaemic stroke, a large reduction in blood supply can lead to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and to cerebral oedema after reperfusion therapy. The resulting fluid accumulation in the brain may contribute to a significant rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) and tissue deformation. Changes in the level of ICP are essential for clinical decision-making and therapeutic strategies. However, the measurement of ICP is constrained by clinical techniques and obtaining the exact values of the ICP has proven challenging. In this study, we propose the first computational model for the simulation of cerebral oedema following acute ischaemic stroke for the investigation of ICP and midline shift (MLS) relationship. The model consists of three components for the simulation of healthy blood flow, occluded blood flow and oedema, respectively. The healthy and occluded blood flow components are utilized to obtain oedema core geometry and then imported into the oedema model for the simulation of oedema growth. The simulation results of the model are compared with clinical data from 97 traumatic brain injury patients for the validation of major model parameters. Midline shift has been widely used for the diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and prognosis of oedema patients. Therefore, we focus on quantifying the relationship between ICP and midline shift (MLS) and identify the factors that can affect the ICP-MLS relationship. Three major factors are investigated, including the brain geometry, blood-brain barrier damage severity and the types of oedema (including rare types of oedema). Meanwhile, the two major types (stress and tension\/compression) of mechanical brain damage are also presented and the differences in the stress, tension, and compression between the intraparenchymal and periventricular regions are discussed. This work helps to predict ICP precisely and therefore provides improved clinical guidance for the treatment of brain oedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T18:41:30Z","timestamp":1716921690000},"page":"e1012145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modelling midline shift and ventricle collapse in cerebral oedema following acute ischaemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4302-5710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-0299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tam\u00e1s I.","family":"J\u00f3zsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Cardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Czosnyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-2810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608257","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown in acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease","volume":"42","author":"Y Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24891","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: implications for pathophysiology and diagnosis","volume":"81","author":"MJ Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182514eb6","article-title":"Continuous determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in traumatic brain injury","volume":"40","author":"MJ Aries","year":"2012","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328337f451","article-title":"Mechanisms of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury: therapeutic developments.","volume":"23","author":"JJ Donkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current opinion in neurology"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802395-2.00004-3","article-title":"Raised intracranial pressure and brain edema","volume":"145","author":"V Leinonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref006","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring: invasive versus non-invasive methods\u2014a review","author":"PH Raboel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Critical care research and practice"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i13.1535","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring: Gold standard and recent innovations.","volume":"7","author":"DS Nag","year":"2019","journal-title":"World journal of clinical cases"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref008","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring and management","author":"P. Le Roux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Translational research in traumatic brain injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199909000-00006","article-title":"Cerebral vasodilatation causing acute intracranial hypertension: a method for noninvasive assessment.","volume":"19","author":"B Schmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9545-4","article-title":"Non-invasive methods of estimating intracranial pressure.","volume":"15","author":"JB Rosenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocritical care."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31829795ce","article-title":"Measuring elevated intracranial pressure through noninvasive methods: a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"H Kristiansson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12527","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure.","volume":"134","author":"C Robba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica."},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000123699.16465.8B","article-title":"Initial head computed tomographic scan characteristics have a linear relationship with initial intracranial pressure after trauma","volume":"56","author":"MT Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref014","article-title":"Brain midline shift measurement and its automation: a review of techniques and algorithms.","volume":"2018","author":"CC Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"International journal of biomedical imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.07.045","article-title":"Postoperative midline shift as secondary screening for the long-term outcomes of surgical decompression of malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts","volume":"19","author":"PH Tu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2003.22.10.1049","article-title":"Monitoring of increased intracranial pressure resulting from cerebral edema with transcranial Doppler sonography in patients with middle cerebral artery infarction","volume":"22","author":"T Asil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of ultrasound in medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31802c7e33","article-title":"Midline-shift corresponds to the amount of brain edema early after hemispheric stroke\u2014an MRI study in rats","volume":"19","author":"M Walberer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1558","article-title":"Computed tomography and outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: hematoma volume and midline shift revisited.","volume":"28","author":"B Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of neurotrauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.811071","article-title":"Does midline shift predict postoperative nausea in brain tumor patients undergoing awake craniotomy? A retrospective analysis.","volume":"29","author":"MW Ouyang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current medical research and opinion."},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200007000-00001","article-title":"Midline shift after severe head injury: pathophysiologic implications","volume":"49","author":"AB Valadka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref021","article-title":"3-D finite element modeling of brain edema: Initial studies on intracranial pressure using comsol multiphysics.","author":"XG Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"InExcerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2010.12.001","article-title":"Three-dimensional computational prediction of cerebrospinal fluid flow in the human brain","volume":"41","author":"B Sweetman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in biology and medicine"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112010004428","article-title":"Cerebral water transport using multiple-network poroelastic theory: application to normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"667","author":"B Tully","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2015.02.011","article-title":"Mathematical model of the effect of ischemia\u2013reperfusion on brain capillary collapse and tissue swelling","volume":"263","author":"MM Mokhtarudin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2019.04.008","article-title":"Fluid\u2013structure interaction for highly complex, statistically defined, biological media: Homogenisation and a 3D multi-compartmental poroelastic model for brain biomechanics","volume":"91","author":"JC Vardakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Fluids and Structures"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190127","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0127","article-title":"A porous circulation model of the human brain for in silico clinical trials in ischaemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"TI J\u00f3zsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02808-w","article-title":"On the sensitivity analysis of porous finite element models for cerebral perfusion estimation","volume":"49","author":"TI J\u00f3zsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104802","article-title":"In silico trials for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: design and implementation","volume":"137","author":"C Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in biology and medicine"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107543","article-title":"MRI-based parameter inference for cerebral perfusion modelling in health and ischaemic stroke","volume":"166","author":"TI J\u00f3zsa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103442","article-title":"Medical imaging based in silico head model for ischaemic stroke simulation","volume":"101","author":"Y Bing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1666-7","article-title":"Modelling of brain deformation after decompressive craniectomy","volume":"44","author":"TL Fletcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10659-016-9606-1","article-title":"Bulging brains.","volume":"129","author":"J Weickenmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Elasticity"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106226","article-title":"Computational modelling of cerebral oedema and osmotherapy following ischaemic stroke","volume":"151","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2023.04.031","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of haemorrhagic transformation in the human brain","volume":"121","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558125","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.558125","article-title":"In-silico trials for treatment of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Insist Investigators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008515","article-title":"Modelling the impact of clot fragmentation on the microcirculation after thrombectomy","volume":"17","author":"WK El-Bouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010166","article-title":"Quantification of hypoxic regions distant from occlusions in cerebral penetrating arteriole trees","volume":"18","author":"Y Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)71151-6","article-title":"Partial volume segmentation with adaptive maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach","volume":"47","author":"C. Gaser","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.5162","article-title":"Association of reperfusion with brain edema in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a secondary analysis of the MR CLEAN trial.","volume":"75","author":"WT Kimberly","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1699","article-title":"Arterial territories of the human brain: cerebral hemispheres","volume":"50","author":"L Tatu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.09.006","article-title":"Investigating cerebral oedema using poroelasticity","volume":"38","author":"JC Vardakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical engineering & physics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.2.0183","article-title":"Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients","volume":"93","author":"A Marmarou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref043","first-page":"391","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of blood\u2013brain barrier failure and oedema","volume":"34","author":"GE Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mathematical medicine and biology: a journal of the IMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018026","article-title":"Measurement of filtration coefficient in single cerebral microvessels of the frog","volume":"423","author":"PA Fraser","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0541-0","article-title":"Pathology and new players in the pathogenesis of brain edema","volume":"118","author":"S Nag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta neuropathologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.046","article-title":"Edema and brain trauma","volume":"129","author":"AW Unterberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.08.004","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury","volume":"145","author":"RM Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190125","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0125","article-title":"Coupling one-dimensional arterial blood flow to three-dimensional tissue perfusion models for in silico trials of acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"RM Padmos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface focus"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011452","article-title":"Computational modeling of multiscale collateral blood supply in a whole-brain-scale arterial network","volume":"19","author":"T Otani","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414792","article-title":"Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection","volume":"372","author":"BC Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref051","volume-title":"Cerebral autoregulation: control of blood flow in the brain","author":"S. Payne","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017710341","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging or computerized tomography perfusion assessment with clinical mismatch in the triage of wake up and late presenting strokes undergoing neurointervention with Trevo (DAWN) trial methods.","volume":"12","author":"TG Jovin","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A722","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1182395","article-title":"A mixed finite element method for nearly incompressible multiple-network poroelasticity","volume":"41","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"SIAM journal on scientific computing"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09352-w","article-title":"Fifty shades of brain: a review on the mechanical testing and modeling of brain tissue.","volume":"27","author":"S Budday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.11.2149","article-title":"Long-term high-colloid oncotic therapy for ischemic brain edema in gerbils","volume":"26","author":"Y Hakamata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref056","author":"M. Mokhtarudin","journal-title":"Mathematical modelling of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60001a003","article-title":"The theory of membrane equilibria","volume":"1","author":"FG Donnan","year":"1924","journal-title":"Chemical reviews"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref058","author":"BS Elkin","journal-title":"Age-dependent regional mechanical properties of the rat hippocampus and cortex"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref059","author":"S. Su","journal-title":"Modelling blood flow and oxygen transport in the human cerebral cortex (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1029\/92WR02746","article-title":"Multiporosity\/multipermeability approach to the simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs","volume":"29","author":"M Bai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"1877","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1990.0061","article-title":"Static and dynamic behaviour of soils: a rational approach to quantitative solutions. I. Fully saturated problems","volume":"429","author":"OC Zienkiewicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.1610080106","article-title":"Dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media; the generalized Biot formulation and its numerical solution.","volume":"8","author":"OC Zienkiewicz","year":"1984","journal-title":"International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680500383407","article-title":"A novel three-dimensional computer-assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"13","author":"F Cassot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12318","article-title":"A statistical model of the penetrating arterioles and venules in the human cerebral cortex","volume":"23","author":"WK El-Bouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02988600","article-title":"Arterial fraction of cerebral blood volume in humans measured by positron emission tomography","volume":"15","author":"H Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of nuclear medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1731022.1731030","article-title":"DOLFIN: Automated finite element computing","volume":"37","author":"A Logg","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)."},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23099-8","volume-title":"Automated solution of differential equations by the finite element method: The FEniCS book.","author":"A Logg","year":"2012"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.739166","article-title":"An augmented Lagrangian finite element formulation for 3D contact of biphasic tissues","volume":"17","author":"H Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2504","article-title":"Augmented Lagrange methods for quasi-incompressible materials\u2014Applications to soft biological tissue","volume":"29","author":"S Brinkhues","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012145.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python.","volume":"17","author":"P Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature methods"},{"key":"pcbi.1012145.ref071","author":"D Cardim","journal-title":"Midline shift in patients with closed traumatic brain injury may be driven by cerebral perfusion pressure not intracranial pressure"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T18:33:32Z","timestamp":1717785212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Marsden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012145","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}}}