{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:53:32Z","timestamp":1767995612330,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012207","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000}}],"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016072","name":"Ren\u00e9 and Susanne Braginsky Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ETH Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Brainstorm Program at the Robert J. & Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OCD has been conceptualized as a disorder arising from dysfunctional beliefs, such as overestimating threats or pathological doubts. Yet, how these beliefs lead to compulsions and obsessions remains unclear. Here, we develop a computational model to examine the specific beliefs that trigger and sustain compulsive behavior in a simple symptom-provoking scenario. Our results demonstrate that a single belief disturbance\u2013a lack of confidence in the effectiveness of one\u2019s preventive (harm-avoiding) actions\u2013can trigger and maintain compulsions and is directly linked to compulsion severity. This distrust can further explain a number of seemingly unrelated phenomena in OCD, including the role of not-just-right feelings, the link to intolerance to uncertainty, perfectionism, and overestimation of threat, and deficits in reversal and state learning. Our simulations shed new light on which underlying beliefs drive compulsive behavior and highlight the important role of perceived ability to exert control for OCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T17:41:52Z","timestamp":1718905312000},"page":"e1012207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beliefs, compulsive behavior and reduced confidence in control"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lionel","family":"Rigoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaas E.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4108-2105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frederike H.","family":"Petzschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1012207.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.10.012","article-title":"A Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder.","volume":"121","author":"DM Hezel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012207.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3746","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective","volume":"15","author":"DL Pauls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012207.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive problems: a cognitive-behavioural analysis.","volume":"23","author":"PM Salkovskis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour research and therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012207.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00028-6","article-title":"A cognitive theory of compulsive checking","volume":"40","author":"S. 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