{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:14:24Z","timestamp":1770905664322,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000}}],"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFF1204200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1204200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFF1204200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1204200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12225109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12225109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12071287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12071287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12271361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12271361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12250710674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12250710674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lingang Laboratory","award":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"]}]},{"name":"Lingang Laboratory","award":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"]}]},{"name":"Lingang Laboratory","award":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LG-QS-202202-01"]}]},{"name":"the Student Innovation Center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University"},{"name":"the Student Innovation Center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University"},{"name":"the Student Innovation Center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 32371189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 32371189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project","award":["32020103007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32020103007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JS2810400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JS2810400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study combines experimental techniques and mathematical modeling to investigate the dynamics of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> body-wall muscle cells. Specifically, by conducting voltage clamp and mutant experiments, we identify key ion channels, particularly the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (EGL-19) and potassium channels (SHK-1, SLO-2), which are crucial for generating action potentials. We develop Hodgkin-Huxley-based models for these channels and integrate them to capture the cells\u2019 electrical activity. To ensure the model accurately reflects cellular responses under depolarizing currents, we develop a parallel simulation-based inference method for determining the model\u2019s free parameters. This method performs rapid parallel sampling across high-dimensional parameter spaces, fitting the model to the responses of muscle cells to specific stimuli and yielding accurate parameter estimates. We validate our model by comparing its predictions against cellular responses to various current stimuli in experiments and show that our approach effectively determines suitable parameters for accurately modeling the dynamics in mutant cases. Additionally, we discover an optimal response frequency in body-wall muscle cells, which corresponds to a burst firing mode rather than regular firing mode. Our work provides the first experimentally constrained and biophysically detailed muscle cell model of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>, and our analytical framework combined with robust and efficient parametric estimation method can be extended to model construction in other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T18:51:22Z","timestamp":1738003882000},"page":"e1012318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biophysical modeling and experimental analysis of the dynamics of C. elegans body-wall muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8687-3218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuexing","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crodelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor James","family":"Barranca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunzhu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangbang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-2961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Douglas","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60189-2_18","article-title":"Neurodegeneration induced by metals in Caenorhabditis elegans","author":"FA Soares","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity of Metals"},{"issue":"5396","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref002","first-page":"2012","article-title":"C. elegans Sequencing Consortium","volume":"282","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.04.012","article-title":"Conservation rules, their breakdown, and optimality in Caenorhabditis sinusoidal locomotion","volume":"242","author":"J Karbowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref004","first-page":"33117","article-title":"C. elegans locomotion: small circuits, complex functions. Curr Opin Neurobiol","author":"M Zhen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1165","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1986.0056","article-title":"The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"314","author":"JG White","year":"1986","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.020","article-title":"Deciphering the neural and molecular mechanisms of C. elegans behavior","volume":"15","author":"WR Schafer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.040","article-title":"Cellular stress induces a protective sleep-like state in C. elegans.","volume":"24","author":"AJ Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199888","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans respond to high-glucose diets through a network of stress-responsive transcription factors","volume":"13","author":"J Alc\u00e1ntar-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1758","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref009","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans excitatory ventral cord motor neurons derive rhythm for body undulation","volume":"373","author":"Q Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.05.008","article-title":"A CUL-2 ubiquitin ligase containing three FEM proteins degrades TRA-1 to regulate C. elegans sex determination.","volume":"13","author":"NG Starostina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.10.030","article-title":"Neural architecture of hunger-dependent multisensory decision making in C. elegans.","volume":"92","author":"DD Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.018","article-title":"C. elegans AWA olfactory neurons fire calcium-mediated all-or-none action potentials","volume":"175","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref013","first-page":"415","article-title":"Signaling properties of Ascaris motorneurons: graded active responses, graded synaptic transmission","volume":"9","author":"RE Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"and tonic transmitter release. J Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81014-4","article-title":"Active currents regulate sensitivity and dynamic range in C. elegans neurons.","volume":"20","author":"MB Goodman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.06.038","article-title":"DEG\/ENaC but not TRP channels are the major mechanoelectrical transduction channels in a C. elegans nociceptor.","volume":"71","author":"SL Geffeney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5396","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2028","article-title":"Neurobiology of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome","volume":"282","author":"CI Bargmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01615","article-title":"CCA-1, EGL-19 and EXP-2 currents shape action potentials in the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx","volume":"208","author":"B Shtonda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2157","article-title":"Bidirectional temperature-sensing by a single thermosensory neuron in C. elegans.","volume":"11","author":"D Ramot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01616","article-title":"The C. elegans T-type calcium channel CCA-1 boosts neuromuscular transmission","volume":"208","author":"KA Steger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2131","article-title":"Action potentials contribute to neuronal signaling in C. elegans.","volume":"11","author":"JE Mellem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref021","article-title":"Optogenetic analysis of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","author":"TH Lindsay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0409-365","article-title":"First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature","volume":"12","author":"SR Lockery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012346108","article-title":"Action potentials drive body wall muscle contractions in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"108","author":"S Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.05.005","article-title":"Neuronal microcircuits for decision making in C. elegans.","volume":"22","author":"S Faumont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0218738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218738","article-title":"Biophysical modeling of C. elegans neurons: Single ion currents and whole-cell dynamics of AWCon and RMD.","volume":"14","author":"M Nicoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref026","article-title":"C. elegans enteric motor neurons fire synchronized action potentials underlying the defecation motor program","volume":"13","author":"J Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90207-0","article-title":"Electrical activity and behavior in the pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"12","author":"DM Raizen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"19","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref028","first-page":"E4493","article-title":"Descending pathway facilitates undulatory wave propagation in Caenorhabditis elegans through gap junctions","volume":"115","author":"T Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.039","article-title":"Proprioceptive coupling within motor neurons drives C. elegans forward locomotion.","volume":"76","author":"Q Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00233.2001","article-title":"Ionic basis of the resting membrane potential and action potential in the pharyngeal muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"87","author":"CJ Franks","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302660121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302660121","article-title":"Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of the pharyngeal pumping motions in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"121","author":"D Sherman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004718","article-title":"The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo","volume":"116","author":"AL Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004717","article-title":"Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo","volume":"116","author":"AL Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004716","article-title":"Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo","volume":"116","author":"al Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"AL HODGKIN","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref036","article-title":"Flexible statistical inference for mechanistic models of neural dynamics","volume":"30","author":"JM Lueckmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inform Process Syst"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref037","first-page":"2404","article-title":"Automatic posterior transformation for likelihood-free inference","author":"D Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref038","first-page":"11e77220","article-title":"Flexible and efficient simulation-based inference for models of decision-making","author":"J Boelts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/77670","article-title":"SLO-2, a K+ channel with an unusual Cl- dependence","volume":"3","author":"A Yuan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref040","first-page":"55155","article-title":"SLO-2 potassium channel is an important regulator of neurotransmitter release in Caenorhabditis elegans","author":"P Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref041","first-page":"1627","article-title":"Simulation of alcohol action upon a detailed Purkinje neuron model and a simpler surrogate model that runs \u00a0>\u00a0400 times faster","author":"MD Forrest","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6066","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.20.6066","article-title":"Mutations in the alpha1 subunit of an L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channel cause myotonia in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"16","author":"RY Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.2.803","article-title":"A model of spindle rhythmicity in the isolated thalamic reticular nucleus","volume":"72","author":"A Destexhe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref044","first-page":"137","article-title":"Multiple channels and calcium dynamics","author":"W Yamada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Methods in Neuronal Modeling"},{"issue":"31","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5608","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0426-23.2023","article-title":"Modulation of SK channels via calcium buffering tunes intrinsic excitability of parvalbumin interneurons in neuropathic pain: a computational and experimental investigation","volume":"43","author":"X Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-03-00759.2001","article-title":"Theta-frequency bursting and resonance in cerebellar granule cells: experimental evidence and modeling of a slow k+-dependent mechanism","volume":"21","author":"E D\u2019Angelo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref047","article-title":"SBI\u2013A toolkit for simulation-based inference","author":"A Tejero-Cantero","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv"},{"issue":"48","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30055","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912789117","article-title":"The frontier of simulation-based inference","volume":"117","author":"K Cranmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref049","first-page":"3523135","article-title":"Truncated proposals for scalable and hassle-free simulation-based inference","author":"M Deistler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inform Process Syst."},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref050","article-title":"Variational methods for simulation-based inference","author":"M Gl\u00f6ckler","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref051","first-page":"3520025","article-title":"Towards reliable simulation-based inference with balanced neural ratio estimation","author":"A Delaunoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inform Process Syst."},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref052","first-page":"15","article-title":"A just-in-time compilation approach for neural dynamics simulation","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"In: International Conference on Neural Information Processing"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86365","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.86365","article-title":"BrainPy, a flexible, integrative, efficient, and extensible framework for general-purpose brain dynamics programming","volume":"12","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref054","first-page":"30","article-title":"Masked autoregressive flow for density estimation","author":"G Papamakarios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inform Process Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","article-title":"On information and sufficiency","volume":"22","author":"S Kullback","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Math Statist"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975","article-title":"The expectation-maximization algorithm","volume":"13","author":"TK Moon","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"issue":"21","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8621","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08621.1997","article-title":"Linearity and normalization in simple cells of the macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"17","author":"M Carandini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7323","article-title":"The NCA sodium leak channel is required for persistent motor circuit activity that sustains locomotion","volume":"6","author":"S Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90037-1","article-title":"Cellular bases of hippocampal EEG in the behaving rat","volume":"287","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.55.030193.002025","article-title":"Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning","volume":"55","author":"W Singer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"5134","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235588","article-title":"Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain","volume":"262","author":"M Steriade","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/57.4.355","article-title":"The Berger rhythm: potential changes from the occipital lobes in man","volume":"57","author":"ED Adrian","year":"1934","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.5.995","article-title":"Quantification of membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons in guinea pigs","volume":"55","author":"E Puil","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-02-00599.1999","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus neurons switch from single-spike activity to burst-firing mode","volume":"19","author":"C Beurrier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref065","first-page":"41911","article-title":"Postsynaptic current bursts instruct action potential firing at a graded synapse","author":"P Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref066","first-page":"7e29915","article-title":"Excitatory motor neurons are local oscillators for backward locomotion","author":"S Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"26","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903570106","article-title":"Graded synaptic transmission at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction","volume":"106","author":"Q Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.200683","article-title":"Genetic dissection of ion currents underlying all-or-none action potentials in C. elegans body-wall muscle cells","volume":"589","author":"P Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.069971","article-title":"An amiloride-sensitive H+-gated Na+ channel in Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle cells","volume":"559","author":"M Jospin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-00956.1985","article-title":"The neural circuit for touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"5","author":"M Chalfie","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.021","article-title":"A neuropeptide-mediated stretch response links muscle contraction to changes in neurotransmitter release","volume":"71","author":"Z Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref072","first-page":"7128","article-title":"Synaptic polarity of the interneuron circuit controlling C. elegans locomotion","author":"F Rakowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-008-0212-6","article-title":"Neural control of Caenorhabditis elegans forward locomotion: the role of sensory feedback","volume":"98","author":"J Bryden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref074","first-page":"168128","article-title":"Training sensory\u2013motor behavior in the connectome of an artificial C. elegans","author":"TE Portegys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005303","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005303","article-title":"Spatiotemporal feedback and network structure drive and encode Caenorhabditis elegans Locomotion","volume":"13","author":"JM Kunert","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref076","first-page":"29060","article-title":"Emulation of chemical stimulus triggered head movement in the C. elegans nematode","author":"A Costalago-Meruelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02718-3","article-title":"Systematic generation of biophysically detailed models for diverse cortical neuron types","volume":"9","author":"NW Gouwens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73566-3","article-title":"Dynamics of a neuronal pacemaker in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus","volume":"10","author":"AR Shifman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00170","article-title":"Automated parameter estimation of the Hodgkin-Huxley model using the differential evolution algorithm: application to neuromimetic analog integrated circuits","volume":"23","author":"L Buhry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-016-2474-6","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview","volume":"22","author":"D Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref081","first-page":"20191","article-title":"Simulated annealing: From basics to applications","author":"D Delahaye","journal-title":"Handbook of Metaheuristics"},{"key":"pcbi.1012318.ref082"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012318.ref083","first-page":"13","article-title":"Generalized simulated annealing for global optimization: the GenSA package","volume":"5","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"R Journal."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T18:55:10Z","timestamp":1738263310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fleur","family":"Zeldenrust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012318","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]}}}