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Complications like fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia are linked to placental vascular structure abnormalities, highlighting the need for early detection of placental health issues. Computational modelling offers insights into how vascular architecture correlates with flow and oxygenation in both healthy and dysfunctional placentas. These models use synthetic networks to represent the multiscale feto-placental vasculature, but current methods lack direct control over key morphological parameters like branching angles, essential for predicting placental dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We introduce a novel generative algorithm for creating <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> placentas, allowing user-controlled customisation of feto-placental vasculatures, both as individual components (placental shape, chorionic vessels, placentone) and as a complete structure. The algorithm is physiologically underpinned, following branching laws (i.e. Murray\u2019s Law), and is defined by four key morphometric statistics: vessel diameter, vessel length, branching angle and asymmetry. Our algorithm produces structures consistent with <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurements and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> observations. Our sensitivity analysis highlights how vessel length variations and branching angles play a pivotal role in defining the architecture of the placental vascular network. Moreover, our approach is stochastic in nature, yielding vascular structures with different topological metrics when imposing the same input settings. Unlike previous volume-filling algorithms, our approach allows direct control over key morphological parameters, generating vascular structures that closely resemble real vascular densities and allowing for the investigation of the impact of morphological parameters on placental function in upcoming studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T17:35:34Z","timestamp":1728322534000},"page":"e1012470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A flexible generative algorithm for growing in silico placentas"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-1333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana C.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Cheikh Sleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-0150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly","family":"Payette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Hutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Story","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph V.","family":"Hajnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Shipley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paddy J.","family":"Slator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x","article-title":"The origins of the developmental origins theory","volume":"261","author":"DJP Barker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.030","article-title":"The placenta is the center of the chronic disease universe","volume":"213","author":"KL Thornburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4036145","article-title":"Association of placental jets and mega-jets with reduced villous density","volume":"139","author":"R Saghian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"pcbi.1012470.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27950","article-title":"Perfusion and apparent oxygenation in the human placenta (PERFOX)","volume":"83","author":"J Hutter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.003","article-title":"A mathematical model of intervillous blood flow in the human placentone","volume":"31","author":"IL Chernyavsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"pcbi.1012470.ref006","volume-title":"Benirschke\u2019s pathology of the human placenta","author":"K Benirschke","year":"2022","edition":"7"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27036","article-title":"Placenta microstructure and microcirculation imaging with diffusion MRI","volume":"80","author":"PJ Slator","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884","article-title":"Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: A Delphi procedure","volume":"48","author":"SJ Gordijn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012470.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.11.017","article-title":"Placental pathology in fetal growth restriction","volume":"155","author":"N Vedmedovska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012470.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24004","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24004","article-title":"Novel 3D light microscopic analysis of IUGR placentas points to a morphological correlate of compensated ischemic placental disease in humans","volume":"6","author":"E Haeussner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pcbi.1012470.ref011","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Anisotropy across fields and scales. 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