{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1774287691298,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012522","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["734439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE30-0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE30-0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Next-GenerationEU","award":["Missione 4 Componente 2, Investimento 1.3 \u2013 D.D. 1555 345 11\/10\/2022, PE00000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Missione 4 Componente 2, Investimento 1.3 \u2013 D.D. 1555 345 11\/10\/2022, PE00000013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AJE20160635870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AJE20160635870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE45-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE45-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Exquisite binding specificity is essential for many protein functions but is difficult to engineer. Many biotechnological or biomedical applications require the discrimination of very similar ligands, which poses the challenge of designing protein sequences with highly specific binding profiles. Experimental methods for generating specific binders rely on\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    selection, which is limited in terms of library size and control over specificity profiles. Additional control was recently demonstrated through high-throughput sequencing and downstream computational analysis. Here we follow such an approach to demonstrate the design of specific antibodies beyond those probed experimentally. We do so in a context where very similar epitopes need to be discriminated, and where these epitopes cannot be experimentally dissociated from other epitopes present in the selection. Our approach involves the identification of different binding modes, each associated with a particular ligand against which the antibodies are either selected or not. Using data from phage display experiments, we show that the model successfully disentangles these modes, even when they are associated with chemically very similar ligands. Additionally, we demonstrate and validate experimentally the computational design of antibodies with customized specificity profiles, either with specific high affinity for a particular target ligand, or with cross-specificity for multiple target ligands. Overall, our results showcase the potential of leveraging a biophysical model learned from selections against multiple ligands to design proteins with tailored specificity, with applications to protein engineering extending beyond the design of antibodies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T13:35:41Z","timestamp":1728912941000},"page":"e1012522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inference and design of antibody specificity: From experiments to models and back"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-805X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge","family":"Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-2864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guido","family":"Uguzzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Ricard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4591-8240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Nizak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rivoire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012522.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2009.12.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of transcription factor selectivity","volume":"26","author":"Y Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Genetics"},{"issue":"24","key":"pcbi.1012522.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5520","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00565a009","article-title":"Probing the limits of protein-amino acid side chain recognition with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 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