{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T03:40:51Z","timestamp":1774064451801,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012601","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020022","name":"Space Technology Mission Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC20K1202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC20K1202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC21C0253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC21C0253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is an emergent tool for stimulating the vestibular system, offering the potential to manipulate or enhance processes relying on vestibular-mediated central pathways. However, the extent of GVS\u2019s influence on the perception of self-orientation pathways is not understood, particularly in the presence of physical motions. Here, we quantify roll tilt perception impacted by GVS during passive whole-body roll tilts in humans (N = 11). We find that GVS systematically amplifies and attenuates perceptions of roll tilt during physical tilt, dependent on the GVS waveform. Subsequently, we develop a novel computational model that predicts 6DoF self-motion and self-orientation perceptions for any GVS waveform and motion by modeling the vestibular afferent neuron dynamics modulated by GVS in conjunction with an observer central processing model. This effort provides a means to systematically alter spatial orientation perceptions using GVS during concurrent physical motion, and we find that irregular afferent dynamics alone best describe resultant perceptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T18:40:41Z","timestamp":1731955241000},"page":"e1012601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human perception of self-motion and orientation during galvanic vestibular stimulation and physical motion"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5241-2830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Allred","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caroline R.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lanna","family":"Klausing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Boggess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Torin K.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1012601.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0153-1","article-title":"Vestibular processing during natural self-motion: implications for perception and action","volume":"20","author":"KE Cullen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012601.ref002","first-page":"203","article-title":"Nonvisual Spatial Orientation Mechanisms. 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