{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:44:02Z","timestamp":1778147042822,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012994","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000}}],"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS-2043740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS-2043740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human affective experience varies along the dimensions of valence (positivity or negativity) and arousal (high or low activation). It remains unclear how these dimensions are represented in the brain and whether the representations are shared across different individuals and diverse situational contexts. In this study, we first utilized two publicly available functional MRI datasets of participants watching movies to build predictive models of moment-to-moment emotional arousal and valence from dynamic functional brain connectivity. We tested the models by predicting emotional arousal and valence both within and across datasets. Our results revealed a generalizable arousal representation characterized by the interactions between multiple large-scale functional networks. The arousal representation generalized to two additional movie-watching datasets with different participants viewing different movies. In contrast, we did not find evidence of a generalizable valence representation. Taken together, our findings reveal a generalizable representation of emotional arousal embedded in patterns of dynamic functional connectivity, suggesting a common underlying neural signature of emotional arousal across individuals and situational contexts. We have made our model and analysis scripts publicly available to facilitate its use by other researchers in decoding moment-to-moment emotional arousal in novel datasets, providing a new tool to probe affective experience using fMRI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T17:29:11Z","timestamp":1744392551000},"page":"e1012994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dynamic brain connectivity predicts emotional arousal during naturalistic movie-watching"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-4025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica D.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-2393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuan Chang","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012994.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930441000238","article-title":"Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires","volume":"19","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01701.x","article-title":"Emotion Facilitates Perception and Potentiates the Perceptual Benefits of Attention","volume":"17","author":"EA Phelps","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195800","article-title":"Memory enhancement for emotional words: are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words?","volume":"31","author":"EA Kensinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem Cognit"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306408101","article-title":"Two routes to emotional memory: distinct neural processes for valence and arousal","volume":"101","author":"EA Kensinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5304.1293","article-title":"Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy","volume":"275","author":"A Bechara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01213-6","article-title":"Emotion prediction errors guide socially adaptive behaviour","volume":"5","author":"J Heffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115043","article-title":"Emotion and decision making","volume":"66","author":"JS Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976211004547","article-title":"Pupil-linked arousal biases evidence accumulation toward desirable percepts during perceptual decision-making","volume":"32","author":"YC Leong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pcbi.1012994.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018405058216","article-title":"What are emotions? 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