{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:45:48Z","timestamp":1785548748787,"version":"3.56.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013422","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bone health is a growing concern in aging populations, and bioactive peptides in dairy products offer a promising approach to preventing bone-related diseases. However, the lack of a public database for osteogenic peptides (OPs) has limited the computational detection efforts. In this work, we introduce OP-AND, a curated public database of osteogenic peptides. We also propose a novel hypothesis that peptides derived from proteins involved in osteoclast formation may serve as non-osteogenic. Considering the limited availability of OP data, we present SimPep, a deep learning framework that achieves 86.87% accuracy and 76.88% area under receiver-operating characteristic curve score using five-fold cross-validation. SimPep\u2019s performance is further evaluated on external datasets, and a pipeline is introduced to select potential OPs for experimental studies. The camel milk alpha s1-casein peptide \u2018MKLLILTCLVAVALARPKYPLRYPEVF\u2019 is highlighted as a top candidate for future exploration. The OP-AND database is available in\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CBRC-lab\/SimPep_and_OP-AND\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/github.com\/CBRC-lab\/SimPep_and_OP-AND<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T17:53:20Z","timestamp":1756490000000},"page":"e1013422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SimPep and OP-AND: A deep learning framework and curated database for predicting osteogenic peptides"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0040-7153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam","family":"Ghobakhloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-1311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ghorbanali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-3778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Zare-Mirakabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Abbaszadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9132-077X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Taheri-Ledari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Zeynali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1013422.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Musculoskeletal diseases: causes and risk factors in developing countries.","author":"YM Al-Worafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Handbook of medical and health sciences in developing countries. 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