{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:53:31Z","timestamp":1767178411227,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013497","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000}}],"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01-AG070135, U19-NS128613, and U19-NS123717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG070135, U19-NS128613, and U19-NS123717"]}]},{"name":"Sloan Fellowship"},{"name":"McKnight Scholar Award"},{"name":"Pew Biomedical Scholar Award"},{"name":"Simons Collaboration on Plasticity in the Aging Brain","award":["811231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["811231"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018727","name":"One Mind","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HHMI Janelia Visiting Scientist Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The brain exhibits rich oscillatory dynamics that play critical roles in vigilance and cognition, such as the neural rhythms that define sleep. These rhythms continuously fluctuate, signaling major changes in vigilance, but the widespread brain dynamics underlying these oscillations are difficult to investigate. Using simultaneous EEG and fast fMRI in humans who fell asleep inside the scanner, we developed a machine learning approach to investigate which fMRI regions and networks predict fluctuations in neural rhythms. We demonstrated that the rise and fall of alpha (8\u201312 Hz) and delta (1\u20134 Hz) power\u2014two canonical EEG bands critically involved with cognition and vigilance\u2014can be predicted from fMRI data in subjects that were not present in the training set. This approach also identified predictive information in individual brain regions across the cortex and subcortex. Finally, we developed an approach to identify shared and unique predictive information, and found that information about alpha rhythms was highly separable in two networks linked to arousal and visual systems. Conversely, delta rhythms were diffusely represented on a large spatial scale primarily across the cortex. These results demonstrate that EEG rhythms can be predicted from fMRI data, identify large-scale network patterns that underlie alpha and delta rhythms, and establish a novel framework for investigating multimodal brain dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:53:38Z","timestamp":1758318818000},"page":"e1013497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Brainwide hemodynamics predict EEG neural rhythms across sleep and wakefulness in humans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4783-1368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leandro P. 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