{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:19:55Z","timestamp":1780370395774,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013550","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000}}],"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL168473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL168473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL163811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL163811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) stem from diverse mechanical and mechanobiological disruptions to the aortic wall that can also increase the risk of dissection or rupture. There is increasing evidence that dysfunctions along the aortic mechanotransduction axis, including reduced integrity of elastic fibers and loss of cell-matrix connections, are particularly capable of causing thoracic aortopathy. Because different insults can produce distinct mechanical vulnerabilities, there is a pressing need to identify interacting factors that drive progression. In this work, we employ a finite element framework to generate synthetic TAAs arising from hundreds of heterogeneous insults that span a range of compromised elastic fiber integrity and cellular mechanosensing. From these simulations, we construct localized dilatation and distensibility maps throughout the aortic domain to serve as training data for neural network models to predict the initiating combined insult. Several candidate architectures (Deep Operator Networks, UNets, and Laplace Neural Operators) and input data formats are compared to establish a standard for handling future subject-specific information. We further quantify the predictive capability when networks are trained on geometric (dilatation) information alone, which mimics current clinical guidelines, versus training on both geometric and mechanical (distensibility) information. We show that prediction errors based on dilatation data are significantly higher than those based on dilatation and distensibility across all networks considered, highlighting the benefit of obtaining local distensibility measures in TAA assessment. Additionally, we identify UNet as the best-performing architecture across all training data formats. These findings demonstrate the importance of obtaining full-field measurements of both dilatation and distensibility in the aneurysmal aorta to identify the mechanobiological insults that drive disease progression, which will advance personalized treatment strategies that target the underlying pathologic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1760032448000},"page":"e1013550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Importance of localized dilatation and distensibility in identifying determinants of thoracic aortic aneurysm with neural operators"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-0191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David S.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8255-9080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Somdatta","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Oommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Assi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-2025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jay D.","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Karniadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013550.ref001","first-page":"505","article-title":"Thoracic aortic aneurysm: a clinical review","volume":"39","author":"EM Senser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin."},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1013550.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.025","article-title":"Risk of aortic dissection in the moderately dilated ascending aorta","volume":"68","author":"JB Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1013550.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000481930","article-title":"Prevention of aortic dissection suggests a diameter shift to a lower aortic size threshold for intervention","volume":"139","author":"AM Mansour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiology."},{"issue":"6183","key":"pcbi.1013550.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253026","article-title":"Cell biology. 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