{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:22:33Z","timestamp":1767180153289,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-127924NB-I00 funded by MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127924NB-I00 funded by MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-127924NB-I00 funded by MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127924NB-I00 funded by MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015496","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n Biom\u00c3\u00a9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00c3\u00a5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR-M-2021-01995, VR-M-2024-01995, VR-M-2020-01652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR-M-2021-01995, VR-M-2024-01995, VR-M-2020-01652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00c3\u00a5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR-M-2021-01995, VR-M-2024-01995, VR-M-2020-01652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR-M-2021-01995, VR-M-2024-01995, VR-M-2020-01652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["945539 (HBP SGA3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["945539 (HBP SGA3)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["945539 (HBP SGA3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["945539 (HBP SGA3)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101147319 (EBRAINS 2.0 Project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101147319 (EBRAINS 2.0 Project)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101147319 (EBRAINS 2.0 Project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101147319 (EBRAINS 2.0 Project)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018707","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Reforming and enhancing the European Research and Innovation system","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101137289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101137289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID-2021-122766OB-100, PDC2021-121421-I00, PDC2022-133765-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID-2021-122766OB-100, PDC2021-121421-I00, PDC2022-133765-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID-2021-122766OB-100, PDC2021-121421-I00, PDC2022-133765-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID-2021-122766OB-100, PDC2021-121421-I00, PDC2022-133765-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015496","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n Biom\u00c3\u00a9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015496","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n Biom\u00c3\u00a9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII, CB06\/05\/0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2022\/BMD-7230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2022\/BMD-7230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dysfunction of the basal ganglia is implicated in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Our understanding of the operation of the basal ganglia is largely derived on data from studies conducted on mice, which are frequently used as model organisms for various clinical conditions. The striatum, the largest compartment of the basal ganglia, consists of 90\u201395% striatal projection neurons (SPNs). It is therefore crucial to establish if human and mouse SPNs have distinct or similar properties, as this has implications for the relevance of mouse models for understanding the human striatum. To address this, we compared the general organization of the somato-dendritic tree of SPNs, the dimensions of the dendrites, the density and size of spines (spine surface area), and ion channel subtypes in human and mouse SPNs. Our findings reveal that human SPNs are significantly larger, but otherwise the organisation of the dendritic tree (dendrogram) with an average of approximately 5 primary dendrites, is similar in both species. Additionally in both humans and mice, over 90% of the spines are located on the terminal branches of each dendrite. Human spines are somewhat larger (4.3 versus 3.1 \u03bcm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the terminal dendrites have a uniform diameter in both humans and mice, although somewhat broader in the latter (1.0 versus 0.6 \u03bcm). The composition of ion channels is also largely conserved. These data have been used to simulate human SPNs building on our previous detailed simulation of mouse SPNs. We conclude that the human SPNs essentially appear as enlarged versions of the mouse SPNs. This similarity suggests that both species process information in a comparable manner, supporting the relevance of mouse models for studying the human striatum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:00:56Z","timestamp":1760032856000},"page":"e1013569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mouse and human striatal projection neurons compared - somatodendritic arbor, spines and in silico analyses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3994-0799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Blazquez-Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Benavides-Piccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Kastanauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"DeFelipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-3691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sten","family":"Grillner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.041","article-title":"The basal ganglia over 500 million years","volume":"26","author":"S Grillner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2915","article-title":"Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"P Redgrave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14411.001.0001","volume-title":"The Brain in Motion: From Microcircuits to Global Brain Function. The","author":"S Grillner","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.03.017","article-title":"Specific populations of basal ganglia output neurons target distinct brain stem areas while collateralizing throughout the diencephalon","volume":"109","author":"LE McElvain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19961028)374:4<523::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Synaptic organization of the human striatum: a postmortem ultrastructural study","volume":"374","author":"RC Roberts","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baga.2012.11.001","article-title":"The percentage of interneurons in the dorsal striatum of the rat, cat, monkey and human: A critique of the evidence","volume":"3","author":"DE Oorschot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.05.001","article-title":"The Evolution-Driven Signature of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"43","author":"NJ Diederich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150591.33787.A4","article-title":"Dendritic degeneration in neostriatal medium spiny neurons in Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"S Zaja-Milatovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref009","first-page":"195","article-title":"Algunas contribuciones al conocimiento de los ganglios del enc\u00e9falo. V. Cuerpo estriado","volume":"23","author":"SR Cajal","year":"1894","journal-title":"An Soc Espa\u00f1 Hist Nat"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.48637","volume-title":"Histologie du syst\u00e8me nerveux de l\u2019homme et des vert\u00e9br\u00e9s","author":"SR Cajal","year":"1909"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00014","article-title":"The dendritic spine story: an intriguing process of discovery","volume":"9","author":"J DeFelipe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00018","article-title":"The discovery of dendritic spines by Cajal","volume":"9","author":"R Yuste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"4986","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2147780","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons","volume":"250","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01694-4","article-title":"Striatal projection neurons coexpressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors modulate the motor function of D1- and D2-SPNs","volume":"27","author":"P Bonnavion","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00059","article-title":"Basal Ganglia disorders associated with imbalances in the striatal striosome and matrix compartments","volume":"5","author":"JR Crittenden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.05.002","article-title":"Local and afferent synaptic pathways in the striatal microcircuitry","volume":"33","author":"G Silberberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102798","article-title":"Distributed dopaminergic signaling in the basal ganglia and its relationship to motor disability in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"S Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-121522-025740","article-title":"Striosomes and Matrisomes: Scaffolds for Dynamic Coupling of Volition and Action","volume":"46","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36648-0","article-title":"Ongoing movement controls sensory integration in the dorsolateral striatum","volume":"14","author":"R de la Torre-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.095","article-title":"The functional organization of cortical and thalamic inputs onto five types of striatal neurons is determined by source and target cell identities","volume":"30","author":"Y Johansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"34","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9629","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606792113","article-title":"Human striatal recordings reveal abnormal discharge of projection neurons in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"113","author":"A Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57445","article-title":"What is the true discharge rate and pattern of the striatal projection neurons in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Dystonia?","volume":"9","author":"D Valsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3860","article-title":"Molecular and functional definition of the developing human striatum","volume":"17","author":"M Onorati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020223","article-title":"iPSC-Derived Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons from Patients with Multiple System Atrophy Show Hypoexcitability and Elevated \u03b1-Synuclein Release","volume":"12","author":"LM Henkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90124-2","article-title":"Atrophy of medium spiny I striatal dendrites in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"455","author":"TH McNeill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.01.007","article-title":"Evidence of a breakdown of corticostriatal connections in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"B Stephens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.059","article-title":"Cellular Taxonomy of the Mouse Striatum as Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq","volume":"16","author":"O Gokce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.053","article-title":"Diversity of interneurons in the dorsal striatum revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing and PatchSeq","volume":"24","author":"A Munoz-Manchado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00159","article-title":"A Guide to Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Adult Rodent Brain: The Medium Spiny Neuron Transcriptome Revisited","volume":"12","author":"H Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.028","article-title":"Molecular Diversity and Specializations among the Cells of the Adult Mouse Brain","volume":"174","author":"A Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6667","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add7046","article-title":"Transcriptomic diversity of cell types across the adult human brain","volume":"382","author":"K Siletti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref032","article-title":"Interneuron diversity in the human dorsal striatum","author":"L Garma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000671117","article-title":"The microcircuits of striatum in silico","volume":"117","author":"JJJ Hjorth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"45","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313058120","article-title":"The roles of surround inhibition for the intrinsic function of the striatum, analyzed in silico","volume":"120","author":"J Frost Nyl\u00e9n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210889","article-title":"Neuronal types in the striatum of man","volume":"227","author":"H Braak","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-021-09531-w","article-title":"Predicting Synaptic Connectivity for Large-Scale Microcircuit Simulations Using Snudda","volume":"19","author":"JJJ Hjorth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7543.003.0011","article-title":"An approach to capturing neuron morphological diversity.","volume-title":"Computational Neuroscience: Realistic Modeling for Experimentalists","author":"H Anwar","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011267","article-title":"A biologically inspired repair mechanism for neuronal reconstructions with a focus on human dendrites","volume":"20","author":"M Groden","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref039","article-title":"Optimal Current Transfer in Dendrites","volume":"12","author":"AD Bird","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290100201","article-title":"Computer generation and quantitative morphometric analysis of virtual neurons","volume":"204","author":"GA Ascoli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2018.00003","article-title":"Basal Ganglia Neuromodulation Over Multiple Temporal and Structural Scales-Simulations of Direct Pathway MSNs Investigate the Fast Onset of Dopaminergic Effects and Predict the Role of Kv4.2","volume":"12","author":"R Lindroos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666695","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2021.666695","article-title":"Prediction of Neural Diameter From Morphology to Enable Accurate Simulation","volume":"15","author":"JD Reed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae180","article-title":"Key morphological features of human pyramidal neurons","volume":"34","author":"R Benavides-Piccione","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-06-02403.1992","article-title":"A parsimonious description of motoneuron dendritic morphology using computer simulation","volume":"12","author":"RE Burke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903410203","article-title":"Dendritic architecture of rat somatosensory thalamocortical projection neurons","volume":"341","author":"PT Ohara","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094222","article-title":"Anatomical and physiological plasticity of dendritic spines","volume":"30","author":"VA Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06491-0","article-title":"Tracing nerve fibers with volume electron microscopy to quantitatively analyze brain connectivity","volume":"7","author":"M Turegano-Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227776","article-title":"Morphological changes in the rat neostriatum after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injections into the nigrostriatal pathway","volume":"93","author":"CA Ingham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy143","article-title":"Ultrastructural, Molecular and Functional Mapping of GABAergic Synapses on Dendritic Spines and Shafts of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons","volume":"29","author":"T Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00181","article-title":"Human Cortical Pyramidal Neurons: From Spines to Spikes via Models","volume":"12","author":"G Eyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.029","article-title":"Reconstruction and simulation of neocortical microcircuitry","volume":"163","author":"H Markram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05689-y","article-title":"Human Purkinje cells outperform mouse Purkinje cells in dendritic complexity and computational capacity","volume":"7","author":"S Masoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16553","article-title":"Unique membrane properties and enhanced signal processing in human neocortical neurons","volume":"5","author":"G Eyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4830-11.2012","article-title":"Temporal convergence of dynamic cell assemblies in the striato-pallidal network","volume":"32","author":"A Adler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4791-12.2013","article-title":"Encoding by synchronization in the primate striatum","volume":"33","author":"A Adler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.045","article-title":"Enhanced Dendritic Compartmentalization in Human Cortical Neurons","volume":"175","author":"L Beaulieu-Laroche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref057","first-page":"730","article-title":"Differential Structure of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in the Human and Mouse","volume":"30","author":"R Benavides-Piccione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"14","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22444","article-title":"The decade of the dendritic NMDA spike","volume":"88","author":"SD Antic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2848","article-title":"Synaptically driven state transitions in distal dendrites of striatal spiny neurons","volume":"14","author":"JL Plotkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref060","article-title":"Motor learning selectively strengthens cortical and striatal synapses of motor engram neurons","volume":"110","author":"F-J Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanari L, Shi Y, Arnaudon A, Barros-Zulaica N, Benavides-Piccione R, Coggan JS, et al. Of mice and men: dendritic architecture differentiates human from mice neuronal networks. bioRxiv. 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.11.557170"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181263","article-title":"Phospho-Tau Changes in the Human CA1 During Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Progression","volume":"69","author":"M Regalado-Reyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-j0002.2001","article-title":"The pyramidal cell in cognition: a comparative study in human and monkey","volume":"21","author":"GN Elston","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs154","article-title":"Age-based comparison of human dendritic spine structure using complete three-dimensional reconstructions","volume":"23","author":"R Benavides-Piccione","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"19","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7450","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07450.1997","article-title":"Quantitative three-dimensional analysis of the catecholaminergic innervation of identified neurons in the macaque prefrontal cortex","volume":"17","author":"LS Krimer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585793","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.585793","article-title":"Neuronize v2: Bridging the Gap Between Existing Proprietary Tools to Optimize Neuroscientific Workflows","volume":"14","author":"I Velasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1013569.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42931-x","article-title":"Online conversion of reconstructed neural morphologies into standardized SWC format","volume":"14","author":"K Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1013569.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2016.00017","article-title":"BluePyOpt: Leveraging Open Source Software and Cloud Infrastructure to Optimise Model Parameters in Neuroscience","volume":"10","author":"W Van Geit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:50:33Z","timestamp":1760637033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kim T.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}}}