{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1791235211403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]],"date-time":"2005-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,11]],"date-time":"2005-07-11T14:12:29Z","timestamp":1121091149000},"page":"e262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Prevalence-Dependent Costs of Parasite Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bedhomme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Vital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Sidobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Michalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0403","volume":"265","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.23.4065","volume":"204","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-0949","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2389","volume":"270","author":"Rivero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2307\/2404075","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8901","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B05","first-page":"249","author":"Stearns","year":"1992","journal-title":"The evolution of life histories"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01680.x","volume":"58","author":"Agnew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-3820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00387.x","volume":"6","author":"Blanford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol Lett","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1461-023X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.910302.x","volume":"91","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"O\u00efkos","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0030-1299","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2023","volume":"269","author":"Ferguson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1205-8","volume":"135","author":"Sisterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oecologia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0029-8549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02372252","volume":"30","author":"Wajnberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Entomophaga","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-8959","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328545","volume":"105","author":"Reed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oecologia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0029-8549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1906637","volume":"253","author":"Washburn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0193-4511","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2311.2002.00432.x","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0307-6946","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2307\/3566043","volume":"47","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"O\u00efkos","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0030-1299","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/3545237","volume":"61","author":"Hochberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"O\u00efkos","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0030-1299","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1086\/419267","volume":"71","author":"Frank","year":"1996","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-5770","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1086\/393499","volume":"75","author":"Chao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-5770","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02413-7","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0966-842X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2233","volume":"270","author":"Schjorring","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1086\/378902","volume":"162","author":"Cheptou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Nat","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.2307\/3558449","volume":"88","author":"Cheptou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Bot","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9122","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05197.x","volume":"44","author":"Schmitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Evolution","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-3820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01558.x","volume":"57","author":"Day","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evolution","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-3820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E40","DOI":"10.1086\/382548","volume":"163","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Nat","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0136","volume":"264","author":"Ebert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1554\/0014-3820(2001)055[1056:HLHATE]2.0.CO;2","volume":"55","author":"Gandon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evolution","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-3820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0298","volume":"265","author":"van Baalen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2307\/1934983","volume":"56","author":"Gillespie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ecology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-9658","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B32","first-page":"1","author":"Weiser","year":"1980","journal-title":"Data sheet on the biological control agent Vavraia (Pleistophora) culicis (Weiser 1946)"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(81)90064-1","volume":"37","author":"Kelly","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Invert Pathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2011","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818227.ch14","author":"Becnel","year":"1999","journal-title":"The microsporidia and microsporidiosis"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B35","first-page":"211","volume":"46","author":"Southwood","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0042-9686","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2003.00576.x","volume":"16","author":"Bedhomme","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Evol Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1010-061X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2311.2002.00430.x","volume":"27","author":"Agnew","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0307-6946","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1086\/284436","volume":"126","author":"Prout","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Nat","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1993.tb01094.x","volume":"18","author":"Renshaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ecol Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0307-6946","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1086\/286108","volume":"151","author":"Borash","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Nat","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0307-6946.2005.00665.x","volume":"30","author":"Bedhomme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0307-6946","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2657","volume":"271","author":"Bedhomme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-8452","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"JOURNAL-PBIO-0030262-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-1-3","volume":"1","author":"Wynn","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Ecol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1472-6785","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["PLoS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T07:12:02Z","timestamp":1626160322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030262"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030262","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1027079.327578","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]]}}}