{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:59:25Z","timestamp":1790506765336,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315872000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T21:18:08Z","timestamp":1315948688000},"page":"e1001149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Binding of Superantigen Toxins into the CD28 Homodimer Interface Is Essential for Induction of Cytokine Genes That Mediate Lethal Shock"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gila","family":"Arad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revital","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Nasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziv","family":"Rotfogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Supper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer","family":"Shpilka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Minis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Kaempfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/35069112","article-title":"Structural basis for co-stimulation by the human CTLA-4\/B7-2 complex.","volume":"410","author":"J. C Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nri727","article-title":"The B7-CD28 superfamily.","volume":"2","author":"A. H Sharpe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1596","article-title":"The CD28 family: a T-cell rheostat for therapeutic control of T-cell activation.","volume":"105","author":"J. L Riley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3489","article-title":"Characterization of CTLA-4 structure and expression on human T cells.","volume":"151","author":"T Lindsten","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00362-X","article-title":"The interaction properties of costimulatory molecules revisited.","volume":"17","author":"A. V Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.23.11054","article-title":"Expression and functional significance of an additional ligand for CTLA-4.","volume":"90","author":"D. J Lenschow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611","article-title":"The B7 family revisited.","volume":"23","author":"R. J Greenwald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.11.019","article-title":"B7-1 and B7-2: similar costimulatory ligands with different biochemical, oligomeric and signaling properties.","volume":"104","author":"S Bhatia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.2.455","article-title":"The toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in mice is mediated by T cells.","volume":"171","author":"P Marrack","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.1.91","article-title":"T cell-mediated lethal shock triggered in mice by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: critical role of tumor necrosis factor.","volume":"175","author":"T Miethke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.823","article-title":"A mutational analysis of the binding of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C3 to the T cell receptor beta chain and major histocompatibility complex class II.","volume":"187","author":"L Leder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250747","article-title":"B7.2 provides co-stimulatory functions in vivo in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B.","volume":"25","author":"E Muraille","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2675","article-title":"Protection against lethal toxic shock by targeted disruption of the CD28 gene.","volume":"183","author":"B Saha","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2481","article-title":"Induction of unresponsiveness and impaired T cell expansion by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in CD28-deficient mice.","volume":"183","author":"H. W Mittrucker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/74672","article-title":"Superantigen antagonist protects against lethal shock and defines a new domain for T-cell activation.","volume":"6","author":"G Arad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.003","article-title":"Broad-spectrum immunity against superantigens is elicited in mice protected from lethal shock by a superantigen antagonist peptide.","volume":"91","author":"G Arad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1687","article-title":"The kinase PDK1 integrates T cell antigen receptor and CD28 coreceptor signaling to induce NF-kappaB and activate T cells.","volume":"10","author":"S. G Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02379.x","article-title":"Eminent role of ICOS costimulation for T cells interacting with plasmacytoid dendritic cells.","volume":"118","author":"M Janke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/369324a0","article-title":"Binary and ternary complexes between T-cell receptor, class II MHC and superantigen in vitro.","volume":"369","author":"A Seth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.6","article-title":"Cutting edge: trimolecular interaction of TCR with MHC class II and bacterial superantigen shows a similar affinity to MHC:peptide ligands.","volume":"163","author":"S Redpath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1170","article-title":"Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex.","volume":"6","author":"E. J Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.3.711","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxin A has two cooperative binding sites on major histocompatibility complex class II.","volume":"182","author":"K. R Hudson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07336.x","article-title":"Crystal structure of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin type A.","volume":"14","author":"E. M Schad","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.1.89","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from <italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/italic>.","volume":"189","author":"T Proft","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7194","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9721896","article-title":"Structures of five mutants of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 with reduced biological activity.","volume":"37","author":"C. A Earhart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199912)29:12<3914::AID-IMMU3914>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Triggering of T cell proliferation through CD28 induces GATA-3 and promotes T helper type 2 differentiation in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"29","author":"M Rodr\u00edguez-Palmero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80702-3","article-title":"A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment.","volume":"100","author":"S. J Szabo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1490","article-title":"Recent developments in the transcriptional regulation of cytolytic effector cells.","volume":"4","author":"L. H Glimcher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80240-8","article-title":"The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells.","volume":"89","author":"W Zheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1948064","article-title":"Dimerization of the extracellular domain of the human growth hormone receptor by a single hormone molecule.","volume":"254","author":"B. C Cunningham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5274.464","article-title":"Functional mimicry of a protein hormone by a peptide agonist: the EPO receptor complex at 2.8 \u00c5.","volume":"273","author":"O Livnah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6733","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6733-6737.2004","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of staphylococcal superantigen peptide antagonists.","volume":"72","author":"G Rajagopalan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00616-5","article-title":"Human interferon-<italic>\u03b3<\/italic> mRNA autoregulates its translation through a pseudoknot that activates the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR.","volume":"108","author":"Y Ben-Asouli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838202027954","article-title":"Purification and characterization of Rpp25, an RNA-binding protein subunit of human ribonuclease P.","volume":"8","author":"C Guerrier-Takada","year":"2002","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8573","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.23.8573","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cell expression system.","volume":"84","author":"A Aruffo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MODI.0000025654.04427.44","article-title":"Peptide antagonists of superantigen toxins.","volume":"8","author":"R Kaempfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molec Diversity"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.1577","article-title":"Crystal structure of microbial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B at 15 \u00c5 resolution: implications for superantigen recognition by MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors.","volume":"277","author":"A. C Papageorgiou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/384188a0","article-title":"Crystal structure of a T-cell receptor beta-chain complexed with a superantigen.","volume":"384","author":"B. A Fields","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002237","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440115200000}}],"container-title":["PLoS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1686316846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001149"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Philippa","family":"Marrack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]}}}