{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:04:57Z","timestamp":1790823897213,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000}}],"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30GM118228-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM118228-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM125498-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM125498-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI1141997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI1141997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41AI132047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41AI132047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 GM115516-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 GM115516-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010941","name":"University of Vermont","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Vermont"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Vermont"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000937","name":"M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30GM118228-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM118228-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM125498-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM125498-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM125498-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM125498-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM125498-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM125498-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI1141997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI1141997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI1141997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI1141997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1601646052000},"page":"e3000896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Direct RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from patient nasopharyngeal swabs without an RNA extraction step"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-370X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meei-Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3786-0509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Garrett A.","family":"Perchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-0741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott","family":"Tighe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pheobe","family":"Laaguiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-1611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Gerrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Nalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-0527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Greninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-235X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean A.","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-0403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David J.","family":"Shirley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-4935","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debra G. B.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-139X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth D.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Dragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-5051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica W.","family":"Crothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8212-3789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keith R.","family":"Jerome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-0306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason W.","family":"Botten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref001","volume-title":"CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Viral Diseases","year":"2020"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa029","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia.","volume":"66","author":"DKW Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3000896.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000045","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045","article-title":"Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR.","volume":"25","author":"VM Corman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref004","article-title":"RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from patient nasopharyngeal swab using Qiagen RNeasy kits or directly via omission of an RNA extraction step","author":"EA Bruce","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref005","article-title":"Analytical validation of a COVID-19 qRT-PCR detection assay using a 384-well format and three extraction methods.","author":"AC Nelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref006","article-title":"Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation.","author":"MJ Lista","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019.","volume":"581","author":"R Wolfel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref008","article-title":"Shedding of infectious virus in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): duration and key determinants.","author":"JJA van Kampen","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref009","article-title":"Overhauling a faulty control in the CDC-recommended SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test panel.","author":"RJ Dekker","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457","article-title":"Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility","volume":"382","author":"MM Arons","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref011","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples without RNA extraction.","author":"C Beltr\u00e1n-Pavez","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref012","article-title":"An alternative workflow for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2\u2014escape from the NA extraction kit-shortage.","author":"AS Fomsgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"issue":"14","key":"pbio.3000896.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000398","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.14.2000398","article-title":"An alternative workflow for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2\u2014escape from the NA extraction kit-shortage, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 2020.","volume":"25","author":"AS Fomsgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref014","article-title":"Preliminary support for a \u201cdry swab, extraction free\u201d protocol for SARS-CoV-2 testing via RT-qPCR.","author":"S Srivatsan","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref015","article-title":"One-step RNA extraction for RT-qPCR detection of 2019-nCoV.","author":"M Sentmanat","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref016","article-title":"Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR.","author":"I Smyrlaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref017","article-title":"Extraction-free COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis by RT-PCR to increase capacity for national testing programmes during a pandemic.","author":"PR Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref018","article-title":"Fast SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR in preheated nasopharyngeal swab samples.","author":"J Alcoba-Florez","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref019","article-title":"Validation of an extraction-free RT-PCR protocol for detection of SARS-CoV2","author":"JR Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"RNA. medRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref020","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by direct RT-qPCR on nasopharyngeal specimens without extraction of viral RNA","author":"MR Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.099","article-title":"Fast SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR in preheated nasopharyngeal swab samples","volume":"97","author":"The Microbiology Technical Support Team","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref022","article-title":"The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.","author":"NVV Chau","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref023","article-title":"\u2018All in\u2019: a pragmatic framework for COVID-19 testing and action on a global scale.","author":"SD Pettit","year":"2020","journal-title":"OSF Preprints."},{"key":"pbio.3000896.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00557","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00557-20","article-title":"Comparative performance of SARS-CoV-2 detection assays using seven different primer\/probe sets and one assay kit","volume":"58","author":"AK Nalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T14:38:20Z","timestamp":1602686300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Raquel L.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000896","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.03.20.001008","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}}}