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Using the GTEx RNA-seq dataset from normal tissue sampled at autopsy, we characterized individual expression of the recent HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group across 13,000 different samples of 54 different tissues from 948 individuals. HML-2 transcripts could be identified in every tissue sampled and were elevated in the cerebellum, pituitary, testis, and thyroid. A total of 37 different individual proviruses were expressed in 1 or more tissues, representing all 3 LTR5 subgroups. Nine proviruses were identified as having long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription, 7 of which belonged to the most recent LTR5HS subgroup. Proviruses of different subgroups displayed a bias in tissue expression, which may be associated with differences in transcription factor binding sites in their LTRs. Provirus expression was greater in evolutionarily older proviruses with an earliest shared ancestor of gorilla or older. HML-2 expression was significantly affected by biological sex in 1 tissue, while age and timing of death (Hardy score) had little effect. Proviruses containing intact <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pro<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> open reading frames (ORFs) were expressed in the dataset, with almost every tissue measured potentially expressing at least 1 intact ORF (<jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T17:29:48Z","timestamp":1666114188000},"page":"e3001826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Aidan","family":"Burn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrah","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3856-762X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John M.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbio.3001826.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.7.080505.115700","article-title":"The evolutionary dynamics of human endogenous retroviral families","volume":"7","author":"N Bannert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6822","key":"pbio.3001826.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062","article-title":"Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome","volume":"409","author":"ES Lander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6822","key":"pbio.3001826.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/35057039","article-title":"Evolutionary analyses of the human genome","volume":"409","author":"WH Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"19","key":"pbio.3001826.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00455-9","article-title":"Insertional polymorphisms of full-length endogenous retroviruses in hussmans","volume":"11","author":"G Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3001826.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.56.1.11","article-title":"Demystified. 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