{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:36:44Z","timestamp":1791380204425,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013060","name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102541\/A\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102541\/A\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While the malaria parasite <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> has low average genome-wide diversity levels, likely due to its recent introduction from a gorilla-infecting ancestor (approximately 10,000 to 50,000 years ago), some genes display extremely high diversity levels. In particular, certain proteins expressed on the surface of human red blood cell\u2013infecting merozoites (merozoite surface proteins (MSPs)) possess exactly 2 deeply diverged lineages that have seemingly not recombined. While of considerable interest, the evolutionary origin of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the genetic diversity of 2 of the most variable MSPs, DBLMSP and DBLMSP2, which are paralogs (descended from an ancestral duplication). Despite thousands of available Illumina WGS datasets from malaria-endemic countries, diversity in these genes has been hard to characterise as reads containing highly diverged alleles completely fail to align to the reference genome. To solve this, we developed a pipeline leveraging genome graphs, enabling us to genotype them at high accuracy and completeness. Using our newly- resolved sequences, we found that both genes exhibit 2 deeply diverged lineages in a specific protein domain (DBL) and that one of the 2 lineages is shared across the genes. We identified clear evidence of nonallelic gene conversion between the 2 genes as the likely mechanism behind sharing, leading us to propose that gene conversion between diverged paralogs, and not recombination suppression, can generate this surprising genealogy; a model that is furthermore consistent with high diversity levels in these 2 genes despite the strong historical <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> transmission bottleneck.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:23:45Z","timestamp":1709835825000},"page":"e3002507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Role for gene conversion in the evolution of cell-surface antigens of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-6005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brice","family":"Letcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorina","family":"Maciuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-7547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zamin","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref001","volume-title":"WHO Malaria Report 2021 [Internet].","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3002507.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003943","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion: Combining Function with Immune Evasion.","volume":"10","author":"GJ Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog.Mar 20"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3002507.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.47","article-title":"Variant surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum and their roles in severe malaria","volume":"15","author":"M Wahlgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6807","key":"pbio.3002507.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1038\/35039531","article-title":"Frequent ectopic recombination of virulence factor genes in telomeric chromosome clusters of P. falciparum","volume":"407","author":"LH Freitas-Junior","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00286-3","article-title":"Var gene diversity in Plasmodium falciparum is generated by frequent recombination events","volume":"110","author":"HM Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3002507.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.04.032","article-title":"Ectopic Recombination of a Malaria var Gene during Mitosis Associated with an Altered var Switch Rate","volume":"389","author":"MF Duffy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pbio.3002507.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004812","article-title":"Generation of Antigenic Diversity in Plasmodium falciparum by Structured Rearrangement of Var Genes During Mitosis.","volume":"10","author":"A Claessens","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90649-8","article-title":"Allelic dimorphism in a surface antigen gene of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"195","author":"K Tanabe","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00130-8","article-title":"Conservation of structural motifs and antigenic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3).","volume":"90","author":"DJ McColl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3002507.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2321-2328.2004","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 6 Is a Dimorphic Antigen","volume":"72","author":"JA Pearce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.05.003","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum: Worldwide sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2).","volume":"115","author":"MU Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3002507.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq119","article-title":"Allele Frequency\u2013Based and Polymorphism-Versus-Divergence Indices of Balancing Selection in a New Filtered Set of Polymorphic Genes in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"27","author":"LI Ochola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pbio.3002507.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002992","article-title":"Population Genomic Scan for Candidate Signatures of Balancing Selection to Guide Antigen Characterization in Malaria Parasites.","volume":"8","author":"A Amambua-Ngwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800887","article-title":"Evolution of allelic dimorphism in malarial surface antigens","volume":"100","author":"SW Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"issue":"7314","key":"pbio.3002507.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09442","article-title":"Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas","volume":"467","author":"W Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.05.008","article-title":"Out of Africa: origins and evolution of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax","volume":"47","author":"DE Loy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3002507.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0162-2","article-title":"Genomes of all known members of a Plasmodium subgenus reveal paths to virulent human malaria.","volume":"3","author":"TD Otto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"pbio.3002507.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.203711.115","article-title":"Indels, structural variation, and recombination drive genomic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"26","author":"A Miles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3002507.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.12.004","article-title":"A novel Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding protein associated with the merozoite surface, PfDBLMSP","volume":"39","author":"T Wickramarachchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3002507.ref020","first-page":"e5410","article-title":"A Conserved Multi-Gene Family Induces Cross-Reactive Antibodies Effective in Defense against Plasmodium falciparum. Moorthy V, editor","volume":"4","author":"S Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apr 30"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.033","article-title":"Structural Basis for the EBA-175 Erythrocyte Invasion Pathway of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"122","author":"NH Tolia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3002507.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.06.006","article-title":"A family affair: var genes, PfEMP1 binding, and malaria disease","volume":"9","author":"SM Kraemer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"27","key":"pbio.3002507.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14285","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.722074","article-title":"Binding of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Proteins DBLMSP and DBLMSP2 to Human Immunoglobulin M Is Conserved among Broadly Diverged Sequence Variants *","volume":"291","author":"C Crosnier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43681-4_18","volume-title":"In: Frith MAlgorithms in Bioinformatics.","author":"S Maciuca","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02474-0","article-title":"Gramtools enables multiscale variation analysis with genome graphs","volume":"22","author":"B Letcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"7407","key":"pbio.3002507.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11174","article-title":"Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing","volume":"487","author":"M Manske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16168.1","article-title":"An open dataset of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation in 7,000 worldwide samples.","volume":"6","author":"GEN Malaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40845","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40845","article-title":"The origins and relatedness structure of mixed infections vary with local prevalence of P. falciparum malaria.","volume":"8","author":"SJ Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02714-x","article-title":"Minos: variant adjudication and joint genotyping of cohorts of bacterial genomes","volume":"23","author":"M Hunt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3002507.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.806","article-title":"A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data","volume":"43","author":"MA DePristo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref031","first-page":"201178","article-title":"Scaling accurate genetic variant discovery to tens of thousands of samples.","volume":"24","author":"R Poplin","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00069-4","article-title":"Allelic recombination and linkage disequilibrium within Msp-1 of Plasmodium falciparum, the malignant human malaria parasite","volume":"230","author":"N Sakihama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-13-110","article-title":"Hypervariable antigen genes in malaria have ancient roots","volume":"13","author":"MM Zilversmit","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3002507.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2193","article-title":"Gene conversion: mechanisms, evolution and human disease","volume":"8","author":"JM Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3002507.ref035","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Extreme mutation bias and high AT content in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"45","author":"WL Hamilton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3002507.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.255505.119","article-title":"Detection of simple and complex de novo mutations with multiple reference sequences","volume":"30","author":"KV Garimella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.11.004","article-title":"A chimeric Plasmodium falciparum Pfnbp2b\/Pfnbp2a gene originated during asexual growth","volume":"35","author":"A. Cort\u00e9s","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11078","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11078","article-title":"Genomes of cryptic chimpanzee Plasmodium species reveal key evolutionary events leading to human malaria.","volume":"7","author":"SA Sundararaman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115628","article-title":"Ape Origins of Human Malaria","volume":"74","author":"PM Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3002507.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg076","article-title":"Gene Conversion as a Source of Nucleotide Diversity in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"20","author":"KM Nielsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3002507.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)01948-1","article-title":"An expanding ebl family of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"17","author":"JH Adams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D539","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn814","article-title":"PlasmoDB: a functional genomic database for malaria parasites","author":"C Aurrecoechea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6381","key":"pbio.3002507.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6042","article-title":"GDV1 induces sexual commitment of malaria parasites by antagonizing HP1-dependent gene silencing","volume":"359","author":"M Filarsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3002507.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0306-2","article-title":"Plasmodium asexual growth and sexual development in the haematopoietic niche of the host","volume":"18","author":"K Venugopal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3002507.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7187808","article-title":"Large-scale screening for novel low-affinity extracellular protein interactions","volume":"18","author":"KM Bushell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3002507.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12151","article-title":"Identifying novel Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion receptors using systematic extracellular protein interaction screens","volume":"15","author":"SJ Bartholdson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"7873","key":"pbio.3002507.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","article-title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold","volume":"596","author":"J Jumper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref048","first-page":"e32891","article-title":"Characterization of Within-Host Plasmodium falciparum Diversity Using Next-Generation Sequence Data. Snounou G, editor","volume":"7","author":"S Auburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Feb 29"},{"issue":"15","key":"pbio.3002507.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"69","key":"pbio.3002507.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03941","article-title":"Rasusa: Randomly subsample sequencing reads to a specified coverage.","volume":"7","author":"MB Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw."},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref051","article-title":"Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM.","author":"H. Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"ArXiv13033997 Q-Bio [Internet]."},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref052","first-page":"3","article-title":"Long read assemblies of geographically dispersed Plasmodium falciparum isolates reveal highly structured subtelomeres.","volume":"3","author":"TD Otto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3002507.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163962","article-title":"SeqKit: A Cross-Platform and Ultrafast Toolkit for FASTA\/Q File Manipulation.","volume":"11","author":"W Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"14","key":"pbio.3002507.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","article-title":"MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform","volume":"30","author":"K Katoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3002507.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.10.5269","article-title":"Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases","volume":"76","author":"M Nei","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"pbio.3002507.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W29","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr367","article-title":"HMMER web server: interactive sequence similarity searching","volume":"39","author":"RD Finn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5754","article-title":"Genome sequencing of chimpanzee malaria parasites reveals possible pathways of adaptation to human hosts","volume":"5","author":"TD Otto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"pbio.3002507.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","article-title":"Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences","volume":"34","author":"H. Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3002507.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033","article-title":"BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features","volume":"26","author":"AR Quinlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pbio.3002507.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1016","article-title":"Liftoff: accurate mapping of gene annotations","volume":"37","author":"A Shumate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3002507.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing","volume":"17","author":"P Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Python. Nat Methods"},{"issue":"23","key":"pbio.3002507.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565","article-title":"CD-HIT: accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data","volume":"28","author":"L Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1754","article-title":"Integrative genomics viewer","volume":"29","author":"JT Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4809","key":"pbio.3002507.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3299700","article-title":"Genetic Analysis of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"236","author":"D Walliker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6272","key":"pbio.3002507.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/345253a0","article-title":"Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium falciparum cross","volume":"345","author":"TE Wellems","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3002507.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.06.001","article-title":"Erythrocyte Binding Protein PfRH5 Polymorphisms Determine Species-Specific Pathways of Plasmodium falciparum Invasion","volume":"4","author":"K Hayton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.29032.2","article-title":"Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake.","volume":"10","author":"F M\u00f6lder","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3002507.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0177459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177459","article-title":"Singularity: Scientific containers for mobility of compute.","volume":"12","author":"GM Kurtzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pbio.3002507.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18681.1","article-title":"Pf7: an open dataset of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation in 20,000 worldwide samples.","volume":"8","author":"Abdel Hamid MM MalariaGEN","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:24:30Z","timestamp":1709835870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002507"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}}}