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Although rising ocean temperatures correlate with increased\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity, the specific molecular mechanisms and determinants contributing to virulence remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically analyzed the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a contact-dependent toxin delivery apparatus, in\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We identified 2 omnipresent T6SSs that are activated at temperatures in which\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    becomes virulent; T6SS1 is an antibacterial system mediating interbacterial competition, whereas T6SS2 mediates anti-eukaryotic toxicity and contributes to mortality during infection of an aquatic model organism,\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Using comparative proteomics, we identified the T6SS1 and T6SS2 toxin arsenals of 3\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains with distinct disease etiologies. Remarkably, T6SS2 secretes at least 9 novel anti-eukaryotic toxins comprising core and accessory repertoires. We propose that T6SSs differently contribute to\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s virulence: T6SS2 plays a direct role by targeting the host, while T6SS1 plays an indirect role by eliminating competitors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1725369712000},"page":"e3002734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus uses a T6SS to secrete a group of novel anti-eukaryotic effectors that contribute to virulence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shir","family":"Mass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Podicheti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B.","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motti","family":"Gerlic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"van 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