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It is known to be an obligate diploid organism with an incomplete and atypical sexual cycle. Azole-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates have been observed with increasing prevalence in many countries in recent years. Here, we report that tebuconazole (TBZ), a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture, can induce ploidy plasticity and the formation of haploid cells in\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The evolved\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains with ploidy variations exhibit a cross-resistance between TBZ and standard azoles used in clinical settings (such as fluconazole and voriconazole). Similar to its diploid cells, these newly discovered\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploid cells are capable of undergoing filamentation, white-opaque switching, and mating. However, compared to its diploid cells, these haploid\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells grow more slowly under in vitro culture conditions and are less virulent in a mouse model of systemic infection. Interestingly, flow cytometry analysis of a clinical strain with extremely low genome heterozygosity indicates the existence of natural\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploids. Discovery of this\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploid state sheds new light into the biology and genetic plasticity of\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and could provide the framework for the development of new genetic tools in the field.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T17:39:48Z","timestamp":1743529188000},"page":"e3003062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An agricultural triazole induces genomic instability and haploid cell formation in the human fungal pathogen Candida 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