{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:49:20Z","timestamp":1790034560171,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000}}],"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI147541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI147541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The University of Georgia Gene Michaels Fund","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an environmental pathogen that remodels its cellular physiology to survive within mammals and, in susceptible hosts, cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Of the many distinctions between the external environment and mammalian tissues, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration in the host is two orders of magnitude higher than in the environment and represents a critical stress for\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains that do not replicate at host CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations are less virulent in mouse models of infection, further supporting CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    tolerance as a virulence trait. To further understand the genetic determinants of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    tolerance, we performed a near genome-wide screen for deletion mutants with altered CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fitness using a competitive growth assay. A total of 301 of 4,692 deletion mutants showed altered CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    tolerance (245 reduced fitness; 56 increased fitness) demonstrating the global effect of host CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    on\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    physiology. Based on this data set as well as a metabolomic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    adaptation to host CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , we show that remodeling of central carbon metabolism, oxidative stress buffering, and membrane homeostasis represent an integrated response to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    stress that is mediated in part by the TOR-Ypk1 signaling axis. We propose that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced capsule formation leads to reduced cellular glucose which, in turn, triggers remodeling of central carbon metabolism toward utilization of alternative carbon sources and increased mitochondrial respiration\/reactive oxygen generation. Thus, these data provide a near genome-wide profile of the genetic determinants\n                    <jats:italic>of C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    tolerance as well as a model for how this important environmental human fungal pathogen alters its physiology to proliferate in the host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:37:08Z","timestamp":1778002628000},"page":"e3003561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to host CO2 concentrations via metabolic and stress-response remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Ristow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma E.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Jezewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2802-6961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damian J.","family":"Krysan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.04.008","article-title":"Cryptococcus","volume":"35","author":"SL Briner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7040260","article-title":"Associations between Cryptococcus genotypes, phenotypes, and clinical parameters of human disease: a review","volume":"7","author":"MC Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3003561.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.218727.116","article-title":"Population genomics and the evolution of virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"27","author":"CA Desjardins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003561.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00296-09","article-title":"Most environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) are not lethal for mice","volume":"77","author":"AP Litvintseva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.6","article-title":"Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen","volume":"14","author":"RC May","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.09.003","article-title":"Beyond the big three: systematic analysis of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"4","author":"J Kronstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547090","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2547090","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective","volume":"16","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01410-19","article-title":"Host carbon dioxide concentration is an independent stress for Cryptococcus neoformans that affects virulence and antifungal susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"DJ Krysan","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003561.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013351","article-title":"Host-induced climate change: carbon dioxide tolerance as a Cryptococcus neoformans virulence trait","volume":"21","author":"EE Blackburn","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003561.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115349","article-title":"Microevolution of Cryptococcus neoformans in high CO2 converges on mutations isolated from patients with relapsed cryptococcosis","volume":"44","author":"BJ Chadwick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003561.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01792-w","article-title":"Discovery of CO2 tolerance genes associated with virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"9","author":"BJ Chadwick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42318-y","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to the host environment through TOR-mediated remodeling of phospholipid asymmetry","volume":"14","author":"LC Ristow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82563","article-title":"The RAM signaling pathway links morphology, thermotolerance, and CO2 tolerance in the global fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"11","author":"BJ Chadwick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"15","key":"pbio.3003561.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.05.017","article-title":"Phenotypic landscape of an invasive fungal pathogen reveals its unique biology","volume":"188","author":"MJ Boucher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12766","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12766","article-title":"Systematic functional analysis of kinases in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"7","author":"K-T Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref016","article-title":"The Cryptococcus neoformans alkaline response pathway: identification of a novel rim pathway activator","volume":"11","author":"KS Ost","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112000","article-title":"Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide","volume":"76","author":"DL Granger","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"pbio.3003561.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00194-08","article-title":"ESCRT-III protein Snf7 mediates high-level expression of the SUC2 gene via the Rim101 pathway","volume":"7","author":"P Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3003561.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12985","article-title":"The endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery influences haem uptake and capsule elaboration in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"96","author":"G Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref020","article-title":"Interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans Rim101 and protein kinase A regulates capsule","volume":"6","author":"TR O\u2019Meara","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"19","key":"pbio.3003561.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8332","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.19.8332-8341.2004","article-title":"TOR controls transcriptional and translational programs via Sap-Sit4 protein phosphatase signaling effectors","volume":"24","author":"JR Rohde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"pbio.3003561.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20220388","article-title":"TOR complex 2 is a master regulator of plasma membrane homeostasis","volume":"479","author":"J Thorner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03779","article-title":"TORC2-dependent protein kinase Ypk1 phosphorylates ceramide synthase to stimulate synthesis of complex sphingolipids","volume":"3","author":"A Muir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08016.x","article-title":"Involvement of PDK1, PKC and TOR signalling pathways in basal fluconazole tolerance in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"84","author":"H Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.856001","article-title":"Roles for inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (IPC1) in pathogenesis of C. neoformans","volume":"15","author":"C Luberto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003561.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002177","article-title":"Unique evolution of the UPR pathway with a novel bZIP transcription factor, Hxl1, for controlling pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"7","author":"SA Cheon","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3003561.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-017-0700-0","article-title":"CO2 sensing in fungi: at the heart of metabolic signaling","volume":"63","author":"R Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003561.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwy030","article-title":"Unraveling synthesis of the cryptococcal cell wall and capsule","volume":"28","author":"ZA Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"21","key":"pbio.3003561.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211229198","article-title":"Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP- glucuronic acid decarboxylase: the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elucidates UDP-xylose synthesis","volume":"98","author":"M Bar-Peled","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003561.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03059.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of capsule structure mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"45","author":"F Moyrand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003561.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05695.x","article-title":"Systematic capsule gene disruption reveals the central role of galactose metabolism on Cryptococcus neoformans virulence","volume":"64","author":"F Moyrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pbio.3003561.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913370117","article-title":"\u03b2-Oxidation and autophagy are critical energy providers during acute glucose depletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"117","author":"CA Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref033","article-title":"Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle","author":"KA Paige","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem. 299;102838"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1545821","article-title":"Vacuolar hydrolysis and efflux: current knowledge and unanswered questions","volume":"15","author":"KR Parzych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/08957959.2016.1261404","article-title":"Urea cycle is enhanced bypetit-high pressure carbon dioxide stress in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"37","author":"L Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"High Pressure Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13461","article-title":"Opposing PKA and Hog1 signals control the post-transcriptional response to glucose availability in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"102","author":"D Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3003561.ref037","article-title":"The interplay between electron transport chain function and iron regulatory factors influences melanin formation in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"9","author":"P Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.07.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"552","author":"LD Zorova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"52","key":"pbio.3003561.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40952","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007131200","article-title":"Single point mutations in either gene encoding the subunits of the heterooctameric yeast phosphofructokinase abolish allosteric inhibition by ATP","volume":"275","author":"R Rodicio","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003561.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00301-22","article-title":"Gluconate kinase is required for gluconate assimilation and sporulation in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"AJ Jezewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003561.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00253-08","article-title":"Role of acetyl coenzyme A synthesis and breakdown in alternative carbon source utilization in Candida albicans","volume":"7","author":"AJ Carman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3003561.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007945","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans resists to drastic conditions by switching to viable but non-culturable cell phenotype","volume":"15","author":"B Hommel","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320070408","article-title":"A new glucose-repressible gene identified from the analysis of chromatin structure in deletion mutants of yeast SUC2 locus","volume":"7","author":"JC Igual","year":"1991","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.80","article-title":"Mapping the interaction of Snf1 with TORC1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"7","author":"J Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01279-22","article-title":"Genetic interaction analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans utilizes multiple acetyl-CoA-generating pathways during infection","volume":"13","author":"KM Alden","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3003561.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06374.x","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation in Cryptococcus neoformans during early murine pulmonary infection","volume":"69","author":"G Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"pbio.3003561.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17359","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.097188","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of a novel mitochondrial carrier for citrate and oxoglutarate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"285","author":"A Castegna","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003561.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03136-18","article-title":"Mitochondrial citrate transporters CtpA and YhmA are required for extracellular citric acid accumulation and contribute to cytosolic acetyl coenzyme a generation in Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii","volume":"85","author":"C Kadooka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003561.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01721-x","article-title":"Glutathione-mediated redox regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans impacts virulence","volume":"9","author":"B Black","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003561.ref050","article-title":"Adenylyl-sulfate kinase (Met14)-dependent cysteine and methionine biosynthesis pathways contribute distinctively to pathobiological processes in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"11","author":"S-H Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003561.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.12.040","article-title":"TOR complex 2-Ypk1 signaling maintains sphingolipid homeostasis by sensing and regulating ROS accumulation","volume":"6","author":"BJ Niles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.119.302191","article-title":"The TOR pathway plays pleiotropic roles in growth and stress responses of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"212","author":"Y-S So","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref053","article-title":"CO2 signaling through the Ptc2-Ssn3 axis governs sustained hyphal development of Candida albicans by reducing Ume6 phosphorylation and degradation","volume":"10","author":"Y Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85114","article-title":"Intravital imaging-based genetic screen reveals the transcriptional network governing Candida albicans filamentation during mammalian infection","volume":"12","author":"RS Wakade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3003561.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03106-24","article-title":"Elevated carbon dioxide enhances the growth and reduces the antifungal susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum","volume":"13","author":"Q Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"pbio.3003561.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)50954-X","article-title":"Getting started with yeast","volume":"350","author":"F Sherman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003561.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300656","article-title":"Multiple applications of a transient CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with electroporation (TRACE) system in the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"208","author":"Y Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003561.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyab180","article-title":"Short homology-directed repair using optimized Cas9 in the pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans enables rapid gene deletion and tagging","volume":"220","author":"MY Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:53:53Z","timestamp":1778522033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rebecca Anne","family":"Drummond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}}}