{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:35:35Z","timestamp":1792499735480,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000}}],"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001447","name":"Rita Allen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019004","name":"Mercatus Center, George Mason University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31HL167628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31HL167628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54DK106857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54DK106857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1HL122700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1HL122700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1HL148861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1HL148861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007930","name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24-HL148865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24-HL148865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019801","name":"Yale College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Summer Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Summer Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019801","name":"Yale College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Timothy Dwight Richter Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Timothy Dwight Richter Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rosenfeld Science Scholars Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferons (IFNs) are potent antiviral cytokines that are rapidly activated when infected cells sense a virus, but continued IFN production following acute infection is linked to impaired recovery. IFNs protect against infection by inducing a suite of antiviral effectors in IFN receptor-expressing cells via JAK\/STAT signaling. However, how IFNs curtail tissue repair is not fully understood. Here, we studied the effects of Type III IFNs (IFN\u03bb1 and IFN\u03bb2) and Type I IFN (IFN\u03b2) on tissue repair functions of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). We show that both Type III IFNs and IFN\u03b2 reduce bronchial epithelial cell migration and proliferation through a common upstream mechanism: activation of LATS1, a kinase best known for limiting organ growth as part of the Hippo signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Type III IFN or IFN\u03b2 curtailed wound healing by triggering phosphorylation of LATS1 via JAK activity, bypassing activation of MST1\/2, the canonical activator of LATS1 in the Hippo pathway. Further experiments showed that distinct signaling pathways lead to LATS1 and STAT1 phosphorylation downstream of IFN receptor signaling. STAT1 was dispensable for IFN-mediated LATS1 phosphorylation and suppression of tissue repair, although as expected STAT1 was required for IFN-mediated protection from rhinovirus or influenza infection. Dose\u2013response curve experiments revealed that higher concentrations of IFN were required to trigger LATS1 phosphorylation compared to STAT1 phosphorylation. Consistently, during rhinovirus or influenza virus infection of organotypic HBEC cultures, we observed phosphorylation of both LATS1 and STAT1, but with different kinetics, with LATS1 activation showing earlier resolution compared to STAT1 activation. These results provide a conceptual framework for understanding how IFN receptor signaling differentially controls epithelial functions required for tissue repair and antiviral defense, and inform efforts to target pathological effects of IFNs following viral infection and in other high IFN states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T18:21:44Z","timestamp":1769451704000},"page":"e3003615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dose-dependent activation of the Hippo pathway by Type I and Type III interferons suppresses tissue repair by human bronchial epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Krupakar V.","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Jing","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valia T.","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evrett N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane S.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-9942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellen F.","family":"Foxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120231","article-title":"Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses","volume":"32","author":"WM Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"85","key":"pbio.3003615.ref002","article-title":"Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques","volume":"8","author":"EG Viox","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"49","key":"pbio.3003615.ref003","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"JS Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"pbio.3003615.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.016","article-title":"The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19","volume":"184","author":"B Sposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6504","key":"pbio.3003615.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc2061","article-title":"Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection","volume":"369","author":"J Major","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.02.003","article-title":"The unique regulation and functions of type III interferons in antiviral immunity","volume":"12","author":"C Odendall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015756","article-title":"Interferon-stimulated genes: what do they all do?","volume":"6","author":"JW Schoggins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"issue":"4443","key":"pbio.3003615.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6154315","article-title":"Inhibition of cell motility by interferon","volume":"208","author":"D Brouty-Boy\u00e9","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003615.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-017-1966-1","article-title":"Impairment of human neural crest cell migration by prolonged exposure to interferon-beta","volume":"91","author":"G Pallocca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3003615.ref010","first-page":"5924","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b1 inhibits cell migration and invasion and induces the expression of antiviral proteins in Huh-7 cells transfected with hepatitis B virus X gene-expressing lentivirus","volume":"14","author":"Q Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003615.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0086-y","article-title":"Hippo-YAP\/TAZ signalling in organ regeneration and regenerative medicine","volume":"20","author":"IM Moya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111829","article-title":"The Hippo pathway: biology and pathophysiology","volume":"88","author":"S Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"14","key":"pbio.3003615.ref013","article-title":"LATS1 is a central signal transmitter for achieving full type-I interferon activity","volume":"8","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"7920","key":"pbio.3003615.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04924-6","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ activity in stromal cells prevents ageing by controlling cGAS-STING","volume":"607","author":"HL Sladitschek-Martens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003615.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3496","article-title":"Hippo signalling governs cytosolic nucleic acid sensing through YAP\/TAZ-mediated TBK1 blockade","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3003615.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010505","article-title":"Influenza A virus NS1 protein hijacks YAP\/TAZ to suppress TLR3-mediated innate immune response","volume":"18","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"7821","key":"pbio.3003615.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2588-y","article-title":"Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19","volume":"584","author":"C Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.07.011","article-title":"Type-III interferon, not type-I, is the predominant interferon induced by respiratory viruses in nasal epithelial cells","volume":"160","author":"T Okabayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2025.102677","article-title":"Layers of defense: protection from respiratory viruses by epithelial-intrinsic immunity","volume":"97","author":"EF Foxman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003615.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.09.014","article-title":"Determination of the wound healing effect of Calendula extracts using the scratch assay with 3T3 fibroblasts","volume":"126","author":"M Fronza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref021","article-title":"In vitro assays to evaluate the migration, invasion, and proliferation of immortalized human first-trimester trophoblast cell lines","volume":"145","author":"EP Kisanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1843810","article-title":"A coordinated phosphorylation by Lats and CK1 regulates YAP stability through SCF(beta-TRCP)","volume":"24","author":"B Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"pbio.3003615.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.05.002","article-title":"YAP and TAZ: a nexus for Hippo signaling and beyond","volume":"25","author":"CG Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"888","key":"pbio.3003615.ref024","article-title":"YAP controls cell migration and invasion through a Rho GTPase switch","volume":"18","author":"SR Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910280","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4910280","article-title":"The HIPPO transducer YAP and its targets CTGF and Cyr61 drive a paracrine signalling in cold atmospheric plasma-mediated wound healing","volume":"2020","author":"D Shome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003615.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.037","article-title":"Regulation of the Hippo-YAP pathway by G-protein-coupled receptor signaling","volume":"150","author":"F-X Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"21","key":"pbio.3003615.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.342","article-title":"Increased TEAD4 expression and nuclear localization in colorectal cancer promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in a YAP-independent manner","volume":"35","author":"Y Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"9","key":"pbio.3003615.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.99","article-title":"The LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors: beyond the Hippo pathway","volume":"24","author":"N Furth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"22","key":"pbio.3003615.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19276","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005109200","article-title":"MST, a physiological caspase substrate, highly sensitizes apoptosis both upstream and downstream of caspase activation","volume":"276","author":"KK Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"352","key":"pbio.3003615.ref030","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of kinases MST1 and MST2 augments tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"8","author":"F Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.163","article-title":"p53 shades of Hippo","volume":"25","author":"N Furth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-135","article-title":"Generation of a human airway epithelium derived basal cell line with multipotent differentiation capacity","volume":"14","author":"MS Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003615.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.06.016","article-title":"Binary pan-cancer classes with distinct vulnerabilities defined by pro- or anti-cancer YAP\/TEAD activity","volume":"39","author":"JD Pearson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00119","article-title":"Interferon lambda: modulating immunity in infectious diseases","volume":"8","author":"M Syedbasha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3003615.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/7445","article-title":"Fludarabine-induced immunosuppression is associated with inhibition of STAT1 signaling","volume":"5","author":"DA Frank","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"pbio.3003615.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-214957","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of the selective JAK1\/2 inhibitor INCB018424: therapeutic implications for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"115","author":"A Quint\u00e1s-Cardama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"25","key":"pbio.3003615.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914994107","article-title":"Analysis of in vivo dynamics of influenza virus infection in mice using a GFP reporter virus","volume":"107","author":"B Manicassamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003615.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097","article-title":"Impaired response to interferon-alpha\/beta and lethal viral disease in human STAT1 deficiency","volume":"33","author":"S Dupuis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"30","key":"pbio.3003615.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601942113","article-title":"Two interferon-independent double-stranded RNA-induced host defense strategies suppress the common cold virus at warm temperature","volume":"113","author":"EF Foxman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003615.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.87","article-title":"Human interferon-lambda3 is a potent member of the type III interferon family","volume":"10","author":"C Dellgren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51356-z","article-title":"Hippo signaling pathway regulates Ebola virus transcription and egress","volume":"15","author":"J Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00849-1","article-title":"The Hippo signaling component LATS2 enhances innate immunity to inhibit HIV-1 infection through PQBP1-cGAS pathway","volume":"29","author":"T-S He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"pbio.3003615.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00159","article-title":"Reciprocal crosstalk between YAP1\/Hippo pathway and the p53 family proteins: mechanisms and outcomes in cancer","volume":"7","author":"N Raj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"19","key":"pbio.3003615.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1447006","article-title":"A positive feedback loop between the p53 and Lats2 tumor suppressors prevents tetraploidization","volume":"20","author":"Y Aylon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"772","key":"pbio.3003615.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adq1789","article-title":"Transient anti-interferon autoantibodies in the airways are associated with recovery from COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"BR Babcock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003615.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916897117","article-title":"Interferon lambda promotes immune dysregulation and tissue inflammation in TLR7-induced lupus","volume":"117","author":"RR Goel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"22","key":"pbio.3003615.ref047","article-title":"Elevated type I interferon responses potentiate metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in mtDNA mutator mice","volume":"7","author":"Y Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3003615.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00602-1","article-title":"Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies","volume":"53","author":"Y Kasuga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003615.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.012","article-title":"Ten strategies of interferon evasion by viruses","volume":"22","author":"A Garc\u00eda-Sastre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3003615.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.04.026","article-title":"Age-dependent alveolar epithelial plasticity orchestrates lung homeostasis and regeneration","volume":"28","author":"IJ Penkala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003615.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109347","article-title":"Yap\/Taz inhibit goblet cell fate to maintain lung epithelial homeostasis","volume":"36","author":"J Hicks-Berthet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6585","key":"pbio.3003615.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8108","article-title":"The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19","volume":"375","author":"M Merad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"pbio.3003615.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2022-0827","article-title":"Type I interferons in autoimmunity: implications in clinical phenotypes and treatment response","volume":"50","author":"AC Londe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pbio.3003615.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.044","article-title":"Interferons in health and disease","volume":"188","author":"D Boehmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3003615.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2022.101390","article-title":"Primary culture of tracheal aspirate-derived human airway basal stem cells","volume":"3","author":"GM Amonkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3003615.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411030112","article-title":"Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells","volume":"112","author":"EF Foxman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3003615.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13591-7","article-title":"LATS1 but not LATS2 represses autophagy by a kinase-independent scaffold function","volume":"10","author":"F Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3003615.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210583","article-title":"Dynamic innate immune response determines susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and early replication kinetics","volume":"218","author":"NR Cheemarla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T19:04:53Z","timestamp":1770059093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michaela U.","family":"Gack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]}}}