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However, due to their limited genome size, viruses must adopt unique strategies to confront cellular sensors. Since its emergence in humans, SARS-CoV-2 accrued many mutations; however, the functional consequence of many such genetic changes remains unexplored. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 produces a truncated form of the nucleocapsid protein, called N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Due to the acquisition of a viral transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) in the N gene, certain variants like Omicron produce a new viral mRNA that markedly increases N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    production. We show that N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein. Using its dsRNA binding motif, N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    inhibits multiple antiviral responses, supressing interferon, triggering processing body disassembly, and potently blocking G3BP1 foci, including stress granules and RNase L-dependent bodies. Using a panel of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 viruses (rSARS-2), we show that enhanced N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    production increases virus fitness in primary human cells and in mice. Furthermore, we show that during infection N*\n                    <jats:sup>M210<\/jats:sup>\n                    improves virus fitness, in part, due to its ability to potently block G3BP1 foci. We propose a model where, to evade the cellular antiviral response, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved a mechanism to increase the production of a truncated form of the N protein, which limits activation of dsRNA-induced antiviral responses, tipping the balance in favor of the virus in the battle for control of the cell.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:48:26Z","timestamp":1775065706000},"page":"e3003646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evolution of a truncated nucleocapsid protein enhances SARS-CoV-2 fitness by suppressing antiviral responses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rory 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