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Understanding the interplay and correlation between ACE2-determined host range and antigenicity is vitally important for understanding the zoonotic potential of related bat sarbecoviruses. Using binding assays, pseudotype-entry assays and a diverse panel of mammalian ACE2 proteins, we examined the host range and related antigenicity of multiple bat coronaviruses. Broad bat ACE2 usage (a\n                    <jats:italic>generalist<\/jats:italic>\n                    phenotype) was most common in clade 1 sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and the BANAL isolates from Laos. In contrast, clade 3 (e.g., RhGB07) and 5 (e.g., Rc-o319) sarbecoviruses exhibited more restricted ACE2 usage (a\n                    <jats:italic>specialist<\/jats:italic>\n                    phenotype). A novel structure for RhGB07 Spike further helped to identify RBD residues associated with this receptor specialism. Interestingly, the generalist phenotypes were largely maintained with more diverse mammalian receptor libraries, including human, non-human primate, livestock, rodent ACE2 and potential intermediate reservoir hosts (e.g., civet, racoon dog, pangolin), while specialists, like RhGB07, exhibited wider phenotypic diversity. The impact of SARS-CoV-2\u2019s continued evolution in humans was also examined, identifying an expanding and\/or shifting pattern of generalism for variants, especially Omicron and its sub-lineages. Furthermore, we compared and correlated these entry phenotypes with antigenicity using sera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals. Clade 1 viruses, phylogenetically related to SARS-CoV-2, were antigenically the most similar, with robust evidence for cross-neutralisation; however, there was still evidence for limited cross-neutralisation across the entire sub-genus. Finally, using monoclonal antibodies, derived from COVID-19 vaccinees with breakthrough infections, we pin-pointed the antibody epitope classes responsible for wider neutralisation. Our research indicates that generalist ACE2-using sarbecoviruses are phylogenetically and antigenically related to SARS-CoV-2.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:25:14Z","timestamp":1790875514000},"page":"e3003944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breadth of ACE2 receptor usage predicts host range and antigenic relatedness across bat sarbecoviruses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-5911","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nazia","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute","place":["Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"],"department":["Nuffield Department of 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