{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:42:24Z","timestamp":1792608144463,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000}}],"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFF1000602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF1000602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosbiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, yet its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels are significantly reduced in the placenta and fetal circulation in mouse and pig FGR models and correlate positively with fetal weight. Placenta-specific GDF15 deficiency causes FGR, while placenta-specific\n                    <jats:italic>Gdf15<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA delivery through targeted lipid nanoparticle (LNP) effectively alleviates FGR. Mechanistically, placental GDF15 is a major contributor to the fetal circulating GDF15 pool and enters the fetal compartment, where it activates the hepatic STAT3 signaling pathway to stimulate IGF2 production during pregnancy. Placental GDF15 deficiency decreases hepatic STAT3 phosphorylation and IGF2 levels in fetuses. Inhibition of STAT3 in primary mouse fetal hepatocytes blocks GDF15-induced IGF2 upregulation. Placenta-specific\n                    <jats:italic>Gdf15<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA-LNP administration rescues the decreased hepatic p-STAT3 and IGF2 levels in FGR fetuses. Collectively, our findings identify a placenta-fetal liver metabolic axis where placental GDF15 promotes fetal growth by activating the fetal hepatic STAT3-IGF2 pathway, revealing a potential therapeutic target for FGR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1791999852000},"page":"e3004061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deficiency of placental GDF15 causes fetal growth restriction by inhibiting fetal hepatic STAT3-IGF2 axis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiao Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Xia","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao Miao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Kai","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Fan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Ying","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-6368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiang Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00668-8","article-title":"The impact of intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity on nephron endowment","volume":"19","author":"MR Sutherland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3004061.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.05.006","article-title":"Developing novel tests to screen for fetal growth restriction","volume":"27","author":"GCS Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0403-1","article-title":"Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors","volume":"51","author":"NM Warrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00464-z","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in developmental programming of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"TN Golden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30245-1","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction and development of the hippocampus: implications for learning and memory in children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"C Gilchrist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109912","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition via Tet1 in offspring","volume":"37","author":"W Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"7624","key":"pbio.3004061.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19806","article-title":"Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease","volume":"538","author":"M Horikoshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3004061.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01206-9","article-title":"Metabolic control of feto-placental development and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Y Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6792","key":"pbio.3004061.ref009","article-title":"Family single-cell atlases reveal pig pregnancy and fetal growth restriction critical cell types","volume":"391","author":"L Cai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(97)00122-X","article-title":"PLAB, a novel placental bone morphogenetic protein","volume":"1354","author":"R Hromas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"pbio.3004061.ref011","article-title":"GDF15 is a major determinant of ketogenic diet-induced weight loss","volume":"35","author":"JF Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"7968","key":"pbio.3004061.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06249-4","article-title":"GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle","volume":"619","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4394","article-title":"GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand","volume":"23","author":"L Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03557-2","article-title":"Targeting GDF-15 in cancer cachexia and immunity","volume":"31","author":"LY Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7887","key":"pbio.3004061.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04133-7","article-title":"Aldehyde-driven transcriptional stress triggers an anorexic DNA damage response","volume":"600","author":"L Mulderrig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3004061.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.02.028","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 preserves Klotho expression in acute kidney injury and kidney fibrosis","volume":"101","author":"L Vali\u00f1o-Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7996","key":"pbio.3004061.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06921-9","article-title":"GDF15 linked to maternal risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy","volume":"625","author":"M Fejzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau4788","article-title":"A single-cell survey of the human first-trimester placenta and decidua","volume":"4","author":"H Suryawanshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0881","article-title":"Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in gestational tissues and maternal serum in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"AB Marjono","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"12","key":"pbio.3004061.ref020","first-page":"4781","article-title":"The transforming growth factor-ss superfamily cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is present in high concentrations in the serum of pregnant women","volume":"85","author":"AG Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00134.2023","article-title":"Cross-species comparison of pregnancy-induced GDF15","volume":"325","author":"AB Klein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9403","key":"pbio.3004061.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15265-8","article-title":"Serum concentrations of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC 1) as a predictor of miscarriage","volume":"363","author":"S Tong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107902","article-title":"GDF15 deficiency hinders human trophoblast invasion to mediate pregnancy loss through downregulating Smad1\/5 phosphorylation","volume":"26","author":"Y-T Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"12","key":"pbio.3004061.ref024","article-title":"Insufficient GDF15 expression predisposes women to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss by impairing extravillous trophoblast invasion","volume":"56","author":"C Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16346-x","article-title":"Circulating SPINT1 is a biomarker of pregnancies with poor placental function and fetal growth restriction","volume":"11","author":"TJ Kaitu\u2019u-Lino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3004061.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0011","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of human fetal growth: The role of the mother, placenta, and fetus","volume":"27","author":"VE Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3004061.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.095299","article-title":"Ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and insulin concentrations at birth: Is there a relationship with fetal growth and neonatal anthropometry?","volume":"54","author":"C Chiesa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-004-0080-y","article-title":"Determinants of fetal growth","volume":"4","author":"DA Sacks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3004061.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.03.003","article-title":"IGF signaling defects as causes of growth failure and IUGR","volume":"19","author":"J Klammt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8666","article-title":"Growth-promoting interaction of IGF-II with the insulin receptor during mouse embryonic development","volume":"189","author":"A Louvi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199607000-00017","article-title":"Growth factors and intrauterine growth retardation. I. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein 3 levels in normally grown and growth-retarded human fetuses during the second half of gestation","volume":"40","author":"J Leger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref032","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the term and preterm human fetus and neonate with normal and extremes of intrauterine growth","volume":"80","author":"LC Giudice","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600349","article-title":"Tumor-homing peptides as tools for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta","volume":"2","author":"A King","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3004061.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201707604","article-title":"GDF15 is a heart-derived hormone that regulates body growth","volume":"9","author":"T Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3004061.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801193R","article-title":"The human placental proteome secreted into the maternal and fetal circulations in normal pregnancy based on 4-vessel sampling","volume":"33","author":"TM Michelsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22695-y","article-title":"The RNA landscape of the human placenta in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"S Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8045","key":"pbio.3004061.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08291-2","article-title":"Placenta-tropic VEGF mRNA lipid nanoparticles ameliorate murine pre-eclampsia","volume":"637","author":"KL Swingle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3004061.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01213-6","article-title":"Maternal exercise prevents metabolic disorders in offspring mice through SERPINA3C","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"6892","key":"pbio.3004061.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00819","article-title":"Placental-specific IGF-II is a major modulator of placental and fetal growth","volume":"417","author":"M Const\u00e2ncia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3004061.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.007","article-title":"Fetal manipulation of maternal metabolism is a critical function of the imprinted Igf2 gene","volume":"35","author":"J Lopez-Tello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8499","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9499","article-title":"STAT3-mediated IGF-2 secretion in the tumour microenvironment elicits innate resistance to anti-IGF-1R antibody","volume":"6","author":"J-S Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3004061.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020170309","article-title":"Chromatin structure and imprinting: developmental control of DNase-I sensitivity in the mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 gene","volume":"17","author":"R Feil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(00)00573-6","article-title":"Extensive tissue-specific variation of allelic methylation in the Igf2 gene during mouse fetal development: Relation to expression and imprinting","volume":"101","author":"M Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3004061.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041690","article-title":"Promoter-specific expression and imprint status of marsupial IGF2","volume":"7","author":"JM Stringer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f108","article-title":"Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: Population based study","volume":"346","author":"J Gardosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14818.1","article-title":"Associations of vomiting and antiemetic use in pregnancy with levels of circulating GDF15 early in the second trimester: A nested case-control study","volume":"3","author":"CJ Petry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3004061.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.09.002","article-title":"GDF15 is still a mystery hormone","volume":"36","author":"CM Sigvardsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4392","article-title":"GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and the ligand promotes weight loss in mice and nonhuman primates","volume":"23","author":"SE Mullican","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4393","article-title":"The metabolic effects of GDF15 are mediated by the orphan receptor GFRAL","volume":"23","author":"PJ Emmerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702221146552","article-title":"GDF15 plays a critical role in insulin secretion in INS-1 cells and human pancreatic islets","volume":"248","author":"MG Mohammad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pbio.3004061.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0019","article-title":"GDF15 mediates the effect of skeletal muscle contraction on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion","volume":"72","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123586","article-title":"GDF15 promotes trophoblast invasion and pregnancy success via the BMPR1A\/BMPR2\/p-SMAD1 pathway: Implications for recurrent miscarriage","volume":"371","author":"S-H Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pbio.3004061.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01135-3","article-title":"Identification and characterization of human GDF15 knockouts","volume":"6","author":"AM Gurtan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"pbio.3004061.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-026-02564-4","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of severe pregnancy nausea and vomiting","volume":"58","author":"M Fejzo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pbio.3004061.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab070","article-title":"Placental angiogenesis in mammals: A review of the regulatory effects of signaling pathways and functional nutrients","volume":"12","author":"Z Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pbio.3004061.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0372-6","article-title":"Tracking placental development in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"JD Aplin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3004061.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115935","article-title":"Maternal obesity impairs fetal brown adipogenesis by attenuating fetal FGF21 signaling","volume":"44","author":"L Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"pbio.3004061.ref058","article-title":"The placenta regulates intrauterine fetal growth via exosomal PPAR\u03b3","volume":"12","author":"X Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.03.004","article-title":"Placental superoxide dismutase 3 mediates benefits of maternal exercise on offspring health","volume":"33","author":"J Kusuyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.12.005","article-title":"The imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis is critical for matching placental microvasculature expansion to fetal growth","volume":"57","author":"I Sandovici","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"pbio.3004061.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr018","article-title":"Disruption of genomic neighbourhood at the imprinted IGF2-H19 locus in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome","volume":"20","author":"R Nativio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pbio.3004061.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp549","article-title":"Analysis of the IGF2\/H19 imprinting control region uncovers new genetic defects, including mutations of OCT-binding sequences, in patients with 11p15 fetal growth disorders","volume":"19","author":"J Demars","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pbio.3004061.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.105","article-title":"Genetic disruption of the oncogenic HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway causes fetal growth restriction","volume":"20","author":"W Abi Habib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pbio.3004061.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.06.117","article-title":"Increased hepatic Igf2 gene expression involves C\/EBP\u03b2 in TCDD-induced teratogenesis in rats","volume":"32","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"pbio.3004061.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91114.3","article-title":"SPAG7 deletion causes intrauterine growth restriction, resulting in adulthood obesity and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"SE Flaherty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"8045","key":"pbio.3004061.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08307-x","article-title":"Fetal hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome via fetuin-A","volume":"637","author":"X-L Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"29","key":"pbio.3004061.ref067","article-title":"Loss of ZBED6 protects against sepsis-induced muscle atrophy by upregulating DOCK3-mediated RAC1\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway in pigs","volume":"10","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00285-0","article-title":"FNDC1 is a myokine that promotes myogenesis and muscle regeneration","volume":"44","author":"RX Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pbio.3004061.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45647-8","article-title":"PIBF1 regulates trophoblast syncytialization and promotes cardiovascular development","volume":"15","author":"JG Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:01:46Z","timestamp":1792605706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sebastien G","family":"Bouret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM","place":["FRANCE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3004061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-7885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-7885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}}}