{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:18:30Z","timestamp":1785392310978,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000}}],"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI146592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI146592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["930382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["930382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacteriophage (or \u2018phage\u2019 \u2013 viruses that infect and kill bacteria) are increasingly considered as a therapeutic alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to phage, presenting a significant challenge to the near- and long-term success of phage therapeutics. Application of mixtures of multiple phages (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , \u2018cocktails\u2019) has been proposed to limit the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants that could lead to therapeutic failure. Here, we combine theory and computational models of\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    phage therapy to study the efficacy of a phage cocktail, composed of two complementary phages motivated by the example of\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    facing two phages that exploit different surface receptors, LUZ19v and PAK_P1. As confirmed in a Luria-Delbr\u00fcck fluctuation test, this motivating example serves as a model for instances where bacteria are extremely unlikely to develop simultaneous resistance mutations against both phages. We then quantify therapeutic outcomes given single- or double-phage treatment models, as a function of phage traits and host immune strength. Building upon prior work showing monophage therapy efficacy in immunocompetent hosts, here we show that phage cocktails comprised of phage targeting independent bacterial receptors can improve treatment outcome in immunocompromised hosts and reduce the chance that pathogens simultaneously evolve resistance against phage combinations. The finding of phage cocktail efficacy is qualitatively robust to differences in virus-bacteria interactions and host immune dynamics. Altogether, the combined use of theory and computational analysis highlights the influence of viral life history traits and receptor complementarity when designing and deploying phage cocktails in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T13:37:24Z","timestamp":1738676244000},"page":"e1012793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multi-strain phage induced clearance of bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-1203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Marchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau Nguyen Ngoc","family":"Minh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Debarbieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-8312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua S","family":"Weitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1750","article-title":"Marine viruses\u2013major players in the global ecosystem","volume":"5","author":"CA Suttle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12072","article-title":"Bacteria-phage coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities","volume":"38","author":"B Koskella","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.6.491","article-title":"Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance","volume":"28","author":"SE Luria","year":"1943","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2315","article-title":"Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"SJ Labrie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7790","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1894-8","article-title":"The arms race between bacteria and their phage foes","volume":"577","author":"HG Hampton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.5.1400-1405.1990","article-title":"Viruses as partners in spring bloom microbial trophodynamics","volume":"56","author":"G Bratbak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4128-4133.1998","article-title":"Bacteriophage diversity in the North Sea","volume":"64","author":"A Wichels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.04.003","article-title":"Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus?","volume":"13","author":"M Breitbart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.014","article-title":"Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria","volume":"25","author":"KE Kortright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5073","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1126\/science.257.5073.1064","article-title":"The crisis in antibiotic resistance","volume":"257","author":"HC Neu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref011","unstructured":"Ten threats to global health in 2019. World Health Organization. 2019."},{"issue":"10325","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Collaborators Antimicrobial Resistance","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.28","article-title":"Re-establishing a place for phage therapy in western medicine","volume":"10","author":"EM Kutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaa060","article-title":"Broadscale phage therapy is unlikely to select for widespread evolution of bacterial resistance to virus infection","volume":"6","author":"FM Cohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref015","first-page":"2659","article-title":"Effectiveness of phages in treating experimental Escherichia coli diarrhoea in calves, piglets and lambs","volume":"129","author":"HW Smith","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.018","article-title":"Synergy between the host immune system and bacteriophage is essential for successful phage therapy against an acute respiratory pathogen","volume":"22","author":"DR Roach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1709-y","article-title":"Use of bacteriophages in the treatment of colistin-only-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia in a patient with acute kidney injury-a case report","volume":"21","author":"S Jennes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00954","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00954-17","article-title":"development and use of personalized bacteriophage-based therapeutic cocktails to treat a patient with a disseminated resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection","volume":"61","author":"RT Schooley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30330-3","article-title":"Intravesical bacteriophages for treating urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"L Leitner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30482-1","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of a cocktail of bacteriophages to treat burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PhagoBurn): a randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"19","author":"P Jault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref021","article-title":"Case report: Analysis of phage therapy failure in a patient with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa prosthetic vascular graft infection","author":"L Blasco","year":"y2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref022","first-page":"20241","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study","author":"J Pirnay","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106004","article-title":"The dynamic interplay of bacteriophage, bacteria and the mammalian host during phage therapy","volume":"26","author":"J Marchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21572","article-title":"Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review","volume":"39","author":"K Dabrowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zborowsky S, Seurat J, Balacheff Q, Minh CNN, Tit\u00b4ecat M, Evrard E. Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy. bioRxiv. 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.16.575879"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref026","first-page":"429241","article-title":"Modeling the synergistic elimination of bacteria by phage and the innate immune system","author":"CYJ Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000253","article-title":"Quantitative models of in vitro bacteriophage-host dynamics and their application to phage therapy","volume":"5","author":"BJ Cairns","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-011-1512-4","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy of lytic Pseudomonas bacteriophage in normal and neutropenic mice models","volume":"49","author":"BR Tiwari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01304","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01304-16","article-title":"Molecular Basis for Lytic Bacteriophage Resistance in Enterococci","volume":"7","author":"BA Duerkop","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070351","article-title":"Resistance Development to Bacteriophages Occurring during Bacteriophage Therapy","volume":"10","author":"F Oechslin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"23","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2104592118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104592118","article-title":"Coevolutionary phage training leads to greater bacterial suppression and delays the evolution of phage resistance","volume":"118","author":"JM Borin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref032","article-title":"Phage selection restores antibiotic sensitivity in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa","author":"BK Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025486","article-title":"Bacteriophage-resistant mutants in Yersinia pestis: identification of phage receptors and attenuation for mice","volume":"6","author":"AA Filippov","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053157","article-title":"Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium","volume":"7","author":"E Laanto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008032","article-title":"Phage resistance at the cost of virulence: Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b requires galactosylated teichoic acids for InlB-mediated invasion","volume":"15","author":"ET Sumrall","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoaa026","article-title":"Phage steering of antibiotic-resistance evolution in the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa","author":"J Gurney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00830-7","article-title":"Bacteriophage-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are resensitized to antimicrobials","volume":"6","author":"F Gordillo Altamirano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0111324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01113-24","article-title":"Variable fitness effects of bacteriophage resistance mutations in Escherichia coli: implications for phage therapy","volume":"98","author":"B Gaborieau","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"31","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001888117","article-title":"High-throughput discovery of phage receptors using transposon insertion sequencing of bacteria","volume":"117","author":"KE Kortright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1263\/jbb.100.280","article-title":"Therapeutic use of phage cocktail for controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 in gastrointestinal tract of mice","volume":"100","author":"Y Tanji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering."},{"issue":"16","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5646","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00757-12","article-title":"Effects of sequential and simultaneous applications of bacteriophages on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in wax moth larvae","volume":"78","author":"AR Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13518","article-title":"Comparison of bacterial suppression by phage cocktails, dual-receptor generalists, and coevolutionarily trained phages","volume":"16","author":"JM Borin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref043","first-page":"001110","article-title":"Functional diversity increases the efficacy of phage combinations","volume":"167","author":"RCT Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead067","article-title":"Coevolutionary phage training and Joint application delays the emergence of phage resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"9","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Evolution"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.019836","article-title":"bz-rates: A Web Tool to Estimate Mutation Rates from Fluctuation Analysis","volume":"5","author":"A Gillet-Markowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1214\/12-EJS711","article-title":"Statistics for the Luria-Delbr\u00fcck distribution","volume":"6","author":"A Hamon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electron J Statist"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1086\/284364","article-title":"Constraints on the Coevolution of Bacteria and Virulent Phage: A Model, Some Experiments, and Predictions for Natural Communities","volume":"125","author":"RE Lenski","year":"1985","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro822","article-title":"Population and evolutionary dynamics of phage therapy","volume":"2","author":"BR Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.4839-4849.2000","article-title":"Bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships","volume":"68","author":"TR de Kievit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004174","article-title":"Selective chemical inhibition of agr quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus promotes host defense with minimal impact on resistance","volume":"10","author":"EK Sully","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5418","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"JW Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12033","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new insights into pathogenesis and host defenses","volume":"67","author":"SL Gellatly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00133-10","article-title":"Impact of burden on granulocyte clearance of bacteria in a mouse thigh infection model","volume":"54","author":"GL Drusano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref054","article-title":"Mammalian Host-Versus-Phage immune response determines phage fate in vivo","author":"K Hodyra-Stefaniak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36034-2","article-title":"Combination of genetically diverse Pseudomonas phages enhances the cocktail efficiency against bacteria","volume":"13","author":"A Naknaen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.05.006","article-title":"Neutrophil kinetics in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"C Summers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00508-11","article-title":"quantitative impact of neutrophils on bacterial clearance in a murine pneumonia model","volume":"55","author":"B Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-019-01412-w","article-title":"Generalizations of the \u201cLinear Chain Trick\u201d: incorporating more flexible dwell time distributions into mean field ODE models","volume":"79","author":"PJ Hurtado","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weitz J. Quantitative viral ecology: dynamics of viruses and their microbial hosts. 2015.","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691161549.001.0001"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00965-15","article-title":"Population dynamics of phage and bacteria in spatially structured habitats using phage \u03bb and Escherichia coli","volume":"198","author":"N Mitarai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59635-7","article-title":"Sustainability of spatially distributed bacteria-phage systems","volume":"10","author":"RS Eriksen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137624","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01376-24","article-title":"Accounting for cellular-level variation in lysis: implications for virus-host dynamics","volume":"15","author":"M Dominguez-Mirazo","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00558","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.558","article-title":"Effect of bacterial growth rate on bacteriophage population growth rate","volume":"7","author":"D Nabergoj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.05.032","article-title":"Coinfecting phages impede each other\u2019s entry into the cell","volume":"34","author":"TVP Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2008.0242","article-title":"Kinetics of phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria","volume":"6","author":"ST Abedon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040318","article-title":"Characterization of Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa Viruses vB_PaeM_SCUT-S1 and vB_PaeM_SCUT-S2","volume":"11","author":"Y Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ycae105","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycae105","article-title":"A nanoluciferase-encoded bacteriophage illuminates viral infection dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells","volume":"4","author":"S Zborowsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME Commun"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.22.595388","article-title":"Phage infection fronts trigger early sporulation and collective defense in bacterial populations","author":"A M\u0103g\u0103lie","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae007","article-title":"The untapped potential of phage model systems as therapeutic agents","volume":"10","author":"J Romeyer Dherbey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3002209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002209","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili actively induce mucus contraction to form biofilms in tissue-engineered human airways","volume":"21","author":"T Rossy","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation","volume":"13","author":"E Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref073","first-page":"390","article-title":"The spatial heterogeneity of the gut limits predation and fosters coexistence of bacteria and bacteriophagesCell Host Microbe","volume":"28","author":"M Louren\u00e7o","year":"2020"},{"issue":"26","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305923110","article-title":"Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity","volume":"110","author":"JJ Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52794-2","article-title":"Impact of bacteria motility in the encounter rates with bacteriophage in mucus","volume":"9","author":"KL Joiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pcbi.1012793.ref076","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Gonzalez RA, Balacheff Q, Debarbieux L, Marchi J, Weitz JS. Metapopulation model of phage therapy of an acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. bioRxiv. 20242024\u201301."},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-020-00751-w","article-title":"Optimizing the timing and composition of therapeutic phage cocktails: a control-theoretic approach","volume":"82","author":"G Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1012793.ref078","first-page":"e01652","article-title":"Resistance evolution against phage combinations depends on the timing and order of exposure","volume":"10","author":"RCT Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T13:44:04Z","timestamp":1739540644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rob J De","family":"Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012793","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.07.611814","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}