{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:52:24Z","timestamp":1791226344149,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1014309","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S015787\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S015787\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223125\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223125\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X013227\/1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X013227\/1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sarcomeres, the basic repeating unit of striated muscle, are joined together by crosslinked actin filaments found at the boundaries of muscle sarcomeres, termed Z-discs. Z-discs play a key role in cardiac signalling and disease, however, the arrangement and function of many of the proteins present in the Z-disc remain to be understood. Here, we determined the organisation of 3 key proteins, ZASP, \u0251-actinin-2 and the Z1Z2 epitope of titin, located within the Z-disc. We fluorescently labelled these proteins in cardiac myofibrils using Adhirons specific to each protein and used interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM) to obtain the 3D position of these proteins to a high precision (&lt;10nm in x,y,z). We then used PERPL (Pattern Extraction from Relative Positions of Localisations: available at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/oubino\/z_disk\/releases\/tag\/v0.0.3\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/github.com\/oubino\/z_disk\/releases\/tag\/v0.0.3<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ) to analyse patterns in the relative positions of the proteins and reveal their underlying organisation. This analysis revealed that ZASP and \u0251-actinin-2 have a similar repeating organisation, but that the organisation of Z1Z2 is different.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1014309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:58:07Z","timestamp":1790618287000},"page":"e1014309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using iPALM to determine protein organisation in cardiac muscle Z-discs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2321-9413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oliver","family":"Umney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3949-7523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alistair P.","family":"Curd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["Engineering and Physical Sciences Faculty Services"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5455-4434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-5080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Ah-San","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thembaninkosi","family":"Gaule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain W.","family":"Manfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harikrushnan","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute","place":["Ashburn, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satya","family":"Khuon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute","place":["Ashburn, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Aaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute","place":["Ashburn, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3754-2028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle","family":"Peckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Molecular and Cellular Biology"]},{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology University of Leeds","place":["Leeds, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.065425","article-title":"Myofibrillar Z-discs are a protein phosphorylation hot spot with protein kinase C (PKC\u03b1) modulating protein dynamics","volume":"16","author":"L Reimann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.174268","article-title":"Cardiac Z-disc signaling network","volume":"286","author":"D Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063058","article-title":"The role of Z-disc proteins in myopathy and cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"K Wadmore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.260179","article-title":"The insect perspective on Z-disc structure and biology","volume":"135","author":"F Sch\u00f6ck","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"pcbi.1014309.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-009-9189-6","article-title":"The vertebrate muscle Z-disc: sarcomere anchor for structure and signalling","volume":"30","author":"PK Luther","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.92.1.113","article-title":"Structural states in the Z band of skeletal muscle correlate with states of active and passive tension","volume":"92","author":"MA Goldstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gen 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A proposed model and computer simulation of Z-line architecture","volume":"184","author":"M Yamaguchi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01321-5","article-title":"Cryo-electron tomography of cardiac myofibrils reveals a 3D lattice spring within the Z-discs","volume":"3","author":"T Oda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1605(89)90033-5","article-title":"The Z-band lattice in skeletal muscle in rigor","volume":"102","author":"RJ Edwards","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Ultrastruct Mol Struct Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.08.018","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of vertebrate muscle Z-band: the small-square lattice Z-band in rat cardiac 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Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0582-9","article-title":"ilastik: interactive machine learning for (bio)image analysis","volume":"16","author":"S Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13349","article-title":"Annotation and automated segmentation of single-molecule localisation microscopy data","volume":"296","author":"O Umney","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"pcbi.1014309.ref035","article-title":"Myofibril diameter is set by a finely tuned mechanism of protein oligomerization in Drosophila","author":"N Gonzalez-Morales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13236","article-title":"Modelling 3D 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Zhou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.07.077","article-title":"Expression of distinct classes of titin isoforms in striated and smooth muscles by alternative splicing, and their conserved interaction with filamins","volume":"362","author":"S Labeit","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.1145","article-title":"Tissue-specific expression and alpha-actinin binding properties of the Z-disc titin: implications for the nature of vertebrate Z-discs","volume":"270","author":"H Sorimachi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1014309.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)00372-8","article-title":"Muscle Z-band ultrastructure: titin Z-repeats and Z-band periodicities do not 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