{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:13:29Z","timestamp":1790100809702,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1014665","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2023SK2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SK2026"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2025JJ81164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ81164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants with bioaccumulation potential, but their associations with kidney diseases remain incompletely understood. This study integrated Mendelian randomization and computational toxicology to examine associations between genetically predicted circulating PFAS levels and kidney disease outcomes and to prioritize candidate toxicogenomic pathway themes. Genetically predicted higher PFOA levels were inversely associated with IgA nephropathy (OR = 0.21, P\u2009=\u20090.004), but positively associated with hypertensive nephropathy (OR = 1.20, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and calculus of kidney (OR = 1.24, P\u2009=\u20090.016). Genetically predicted higher PFOS levels were inversely associated with IgA nephropathy (OR = 0.27, P\u2009=\u20090.046) and urinary tract infection (OR = 0.94, P\u2009=\u20090.003). A primary association was also observed between PFOA and membranous nephropathy (OR = 1.56, P\u2009=\u20090.028), but this association was not retained after targeted SNP-exclusion analyses and was therefore not interpreted as a robust or established causal association. Computational toxicology analyses prioritized database-derived candidate targets and pathway themes related to immune response, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Network-prioritized candidate nodes included CTNNB1, TP53, and EGFR in the PFOA\u2013calculus of kidney network, IGF1 in the PFOA\u2013hypertensive nephropathy network, and CCL2, TLR4, MMP9, and IFNG in the PFOA\/PFOS\u2013IgA nephropathy networks. In contrast, IL1B, TNF, and IL6 were observed as shared inflammatory nodes across multiple nephropathy-related networks. These candidates should be interpreted as database-derived and network-prioritized targets rather than experimentally validated causal mediators of kidney disease. Overall, this study provides a hypothesis-generating framework for exploring associations among genetically predicted PFAS-related traits, kidney disease outcomes, and candidate toxicogenomic pathway themes that require experimental validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1014665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:37:56Z","timestamp":1789666676000},"page":"e1014665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and kidney disease: Genetic associations and computational prioritization of candidate toxicogenomic pathways"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4803-0833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dianjie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of Urology"]},{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of Nephrology"]},{"name":"Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Xiangya School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Xiangya School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinhuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of Urology"]},{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of Nephrology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"],"department":["Department of General 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