{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:38:37Z","timestamp":1792607917075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collaborative Research Center","award":["265 (project B01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265 (project B01)"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Center","award":["265 (project B01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265 (project B01)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Zealand Neurological Foundation","award":["Philip Wrightson Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Philip Wrightson Fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The successor representation (SR) is a reinforcement learning strategy which has been suggested to underlie nuanced forms of habitual behavior, rendering it a candidate mechanism for mental health conditions thought to involve habitual control, such as addiction. However, paradigms used to assess habits in humans cannot detect SR use. Together with the fact that they are usually conducted in disorder-irrelevant contexts, this may explain why the evidence for a hypothesized shift from goal-directed to habitual behavior in addiction is inconsistent. Here, we tested whether individuals with high-risk (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009260) compared to low-risk drinking behavior (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009260) rely more on SR or a rigid goal-based dimension-reduced SR variant, particularly in alcohol-related contexts. An online multi-stage decision-making task performed in either a virtual bar or apartment context allowed us to dissociate (red)SR from model-based and model-free learning strategies by testing how well participants adapted their choices to different types of distal changes in the environment. Findings suggest that a particular type of SR, namely a (reduced) random-policy SR-like strategy, contributes to human behavior, but that high-risk drinkers do not differ from low-risk drinkers in their use of this strategy. Instead, both groups seem to rely less on what is likely a (reduced) random-policy SR strategy in alcohol-related contexts \u2013 and instead more on model-free control. Results suggest that the use of an adaptive, resource-efficient decision-making strategy is selectively downregulated in substance-related contexts. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual modulation and nuanced decision strategies in understanding habitual and goal-directed behavior in mental health conditions such as addiction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1014873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:47:27Z","timestamp":1792604847000},"page":"e1014873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The successor representation in high-risk drinking and alcohol-related contexts"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-5111","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Milena Philomena Maria","family":"Musial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu 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and Center for Brain Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6138-8040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik L.","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t 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MIT","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Endrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","place":["Dresden, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center"]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 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