{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:59:47Z","timestamp":1769083187389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-018271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-018271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosdigitalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Digit Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malawi has 991,600 people living with HIV and has expanded access to annual HIV viral load testing to enhance care quality for clients. However, significant delays persist in returning viral load (VL) results back to facilities and to clients. To address this, we implemented a digital VL results return (VLRR) application, using existing mobile phone platforms to expedite results return to clients and healthcare providers (HCPs).VLRR is a digital SMS\/USSD platform leveraging mobile phones to reduce turnaround time (TAT) and improve access to VL results. To evaluate the VLRR intervention, we: (1) estimated the TAT for digital results return, (2) calculated open rates of digital results, (3) conducted a mixed methods evaluation with VLRR users, and (4) estimated the potential cost savings from avoiding unnecessary sample redraws. From April 2022 to June 2024, HCPs registered 4,067 clients. For each client, TAT was calculated separately for the periods before and after enrollment in the VLRR system. On average during this period, clients received results in 128 days before VLRR enrollment and 48.5 days after enrollment, reflecting a 62.4% improvement. By July 2023, VLRR clients and HCPs received results in an average of 30 and 38 days. The overall open rate for digital results (opened by either a client or HCP) was 60% and nearly 100% of clients and HCPs indicated they wanted to the application to continue. Lastly, if VLRR were scaled nationally, it has the potential cost savings of $1.8-6.7 million USD.VLRR is effective in reducing TAT and improving access to VL results. To enhance uptake and achieve national scale, VLRR can be integrated into Malawi\u2019s existing EMR systems, further reducing TAT and enabling HCPs to deliver higher quality care and improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0001094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1769019917000},"page":"e0001094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pdig.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mobile phone infrastructure provides evidence of improved HIV viral load monitoring in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4055-6622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Haggard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8122-1256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Mwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Klyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0445-2218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tyler","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brown","family":"Chiwandira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linley","family":"Chewere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pdig.0001094.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.056929","article-title":"Clinical audit in the laboratory","volume":"62","author":"RT Erasmus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pdig.0001094.ref002","first-page":"179","article-title":"Laboratory turnaround time","volume":"28","author":"RC Hawkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pdig.0001094.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1309\/H0DY-6VTW-NB36-U3L6","article-title":"Laboratory results. 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