{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:03:43Z","timestamp":1790877823573,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosdigitalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Digit Health"],"abstract":"\n Fever in the returning traveller is a challenging presentation that requires a wide array of clinical expertise and draws on complex medical decision-making. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have shown it can be a helpful clinical support tool in this context. This scoping review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines and registered on the Open Science Framework (\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/BSPKX<\/jats:ext-link>\n ), aimed to identify the current state of artificial intelligence use in assessing fever in the returning traveller. Here we describe the three eligible studies evaluating three distinct AI approaches identified in the literature. These heterogenous studies reported promising performance on study-specific endpoints in controlled settings. Given the lack of external validation, narrow populations studied, and absence of real-world implementation or user acceptance testing, further research is needed to explore this technology in a real-world clinical setting. The limited available evidence suggests that AI may have future potential to support assessment of fever in the returning traveller; however, clinical utility, safety, and real-world effectiveness remain unestablished. Large language models represent an emerging area of interest but were not evaluated in the studies included in this review.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0001742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:29:16Z","timestamp":1790875756000},"page":"e0001742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pdig.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The use of artificial intelligence in assessing fever in the returning traveller: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5925-6602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bhavya","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Morjaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3778-7635","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Imeth","family":"Illamperuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meha","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]},{"name":"McMaster University Medical Center","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-5984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]},{"name":"McMaster University Medical Center","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]},{"name":"McMaster University Medical Center","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pdig.0001742.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz038","article-title":"Fever in returning travellers and migrants: Disease severity markers to improve triage and management","volume":"27","author":"M Ngai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"pdig.0001742.ref002","article-title":"Fever in the returned traveler","author":"V Lo Re","year":"2003"},{"issue":"11","key":"pdig.0001742.ref003","first-page":"723","article-title":"Fever in the returning traveller","volume":"49","author":"H Davidson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Abingdon)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pdig.0001742.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.014","article-title":"Evaluation of the sick returned traveler","volume":"36","author":"HM Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pdig.0001742.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0467","article-title":"Case report: Challenges of diagnosing malaria in returning travelers at the height of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"110","author":"E Kamau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pdig.0001742.ref006","unstructured":"Automatically document care with DAX Copilot. Nuance. https:\/\/www.nuance.com\/healthcare\/dragon-ai-clinical-solutions\/dax-copilot.html?srsltid=AfmBOoqSagf3D8bws7CGAwlZrI9NnHIeKqJ_rZ4i4IkZgkGMV3iBh_MO. Accessed 2023 October 1."},{"issue":"1","key":"pdig.0001742.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04698-z","article-title":"Revolutionizing healthcare: The role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"SA Alowais","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"pdig.0001742.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae053","article-title":"Confronting the disruption of the infectious diseases workforce by artificial intelligence: What this means for us and what we can do about it","volume":"11","author":"BJ Langford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pdig.0001742.ref009","unstructured":"Scoping \u2014 PRISMA statement. https:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/scoping. 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