{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:44:34Z","timestamp":1791348274307,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]],"date-time":"2005-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130457600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,26]],"date-time":"2005-10-26T12:12:21Z","timestamp":1130328741000},"page":"e50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["The Axon Guidance Receptor Gene ROBO1 Is a Candidate Gene for Developmental Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Katariina","family":"Hannula-Jouppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kaminen-Ahola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Taipale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranja","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Nopola-Hemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Kere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgen-0010050-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380507","article-title":"Dyslexia.","volume":"338","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01561.x","article-title":"Annotation: The genetics of dyslexia.","volume":"31","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/329537a0","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic etiology in reading disability of twins.","volume":"329","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91384-X","article-title":"Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34\u2013p36.","volume":"342","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7939663","article-title":"Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6.","volume":"266","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b06","first-page":"27","article-title":"Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15.","volume":"60","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b07","first-page":"664","article-title":"A new gene (DYX3) for dyslexia is located on chromosome 2.","volume":"36","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/ng792","article-title":"Independent genome-wide scans identify a chromosome 18 quantitative-trait locus influencing dyslexia.","volume":"30","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.5.340","article-title":"A genome scan for developmental dyslexia confirms linkage to chromosome 2p11 and suggests a new locus on 7q32.","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2003.012294","article-title":"Genome-wide scan identifies susceptibility locus for dyslexia on Xq27 in an extended Dutch family.","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20082","article-title":"A dyslexia susceptibility locus (DYX7) linked to dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) region on chromosome 11p15.5.","volume":"125B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn936","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: Genetic dissection of a complex cognitive trait.","volume":"3","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosc"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1833911100","article-title":"A candidate gene for developmental dyslexia encodes a nuclear tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein dynamically regulated in brain.","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1086\/429131","article-title":"Strong evidence that KIAA0319 on chromosome 6p is a susceptibility gene for developmental dyslexia.","volume":"76","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b15","first-page":"128","article-title":"Refinement of the 6p21.3 quantitative trait locus influencing dyslexia: Linkage and association analyses.","volume":"115","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FrancksCParacchiniSSmithSDRichardsonAJScerriTS A 77-kilobase region of chromosome 6p22.2 is associated with dyslexia in families from the United Kingdom and from the United States. Am J Hum Genet 75 1046 1058","DOI":"10.1086\/426404"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.38.10.658","article-title":"A dominant gene for developmental dyslexia on Chromosome 3.","volume":"38","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1086\/381562","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of a chromosome 3 locus on speech-sound disorder and reading.","volume":"74","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00842.x","article-title":"Familial dyslexia: Neurocognitive and genetic correlation in a large Finnish family.","volume":"44","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80915-0","article-title":"Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors.","volume":"92","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80589-9","article-title":"Slit is the midline repellent for the robo receptor in Drosophila.","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90330-T","article-title":"Mutations affecting growth cone guidance in Drosophila: Genes necessary for guidance toward or away from the midline.","volume":"10","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205421","article-title":"Tumour specific promoter region methylation of the human homologue of the Drosophila Roundabout gene DUTT1 (ROBO1) in human cancers.","volume":"21","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072545","article-title":"Allelic variation in human gene expression.","volume":"297","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1327","article-title":"Genomic variants in exons and introns: Identifying the splicing spoilers.","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Rev"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088821","article-title":"Inferring non-neutral evolution from human-chimp-mouse orthologous gene trios.","volume":"302","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01025","article-title":"Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language.","volume":"418","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202103","article-title":"Homozygous deletions at 3p12 in breast and lung cancer.","volume":"17","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6432","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2561","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the 3p12 gene, Dutt1\/Robo1, predisposes mice to lung adenocarcinomas and lymphomas with methylation of the gene promoter.","volume":"64","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-003-0023-5","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of a 15 Mb constitutional de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 3p in a boy with developmental delay and congenital anomalies.","volume":"48","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80883-1","article-title":"Repulsive axon guidance: Abelson and enabled play opposing roles downstream of the Roundabout receptor.","volume":"101","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058445","article-title":"Hierarchical organization of guidance receptors: Silencing of netrin attraction by slit through a Robo\/DCC receptor complex.","volume":"291","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059075","article-title":"Requirement of ERK activation for visual cortical plasticity.","volume":"292","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00214.1998","article-title":"In vivo expression and regulation of Elk-1, a target of the extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway, in the adult rat brain.","volume":"18","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00329-0","article-title":"Learning-associated activation of nuclear MAPK, CREB, and Elk-1, along with Fos production, in the rat hippocampus after a one-trial avoidance learning: Abolition by NMDA receptor blockade.","volume":"76","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7427(02)00017-5","article-title":"Modulation of taste-induced Elk-1 activation by identified neurotransmitter systems in the insular cortex of the behaving rat.","volume":"79","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30018","article-title":"Linkage analyses of four regions previously implicated in dyslexia: Confirmation of a locus on chromosome 15q.","volume":"131B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2004.018341","article-title":"Putative functional alleles of DYX1C1 are not associated with dyslexia susceptibility in a large sample of sibling pairs from the UK.","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001543","article-title":"Support for EKN1 as the susceptibility locus for dyslexia on 15q21.","volume":"9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001596","article-title":"No support for association between dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 and developmental dyslexia.","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201356","article-title":"A family-based association study does not support DYX1C1 on 15q21.3 as a candidate gene in developmental dyslexia.","volume":"13","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MengHHagerKHeldMPageGPOlsonRK 2005 TDT-association analysis of EKN1 and dyslexia in a Colorado twin cohort. Hum Genet Epub ahead of print. PMID: 16133186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-0017-9"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00566-9","article-title":"Regulation of cortical dendrite development by Slit-Robo interactions.","volume":"33","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1017","article-title":"Robo and Frazzled\/DCC mediate dendritic guidance at the CNS midline.","volume":"6","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(03)00715-7","article-title":"Human SLITRK family genes: Genomic organization and expression profiling in normal brain and brain tumor tissue.","volume":"315","year":"2003a","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00129-5","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Slitrk, a novel neuronal transmembrane protein family controlling neurite outgrowth.","volume":"24","year":"2003b","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026239","article-title":"Determinants of substitution rates in mammalian genes: Expression pattern affects selection intensity but not mutation rate.","volume":"17","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.040","article-title":"Accelerated evolution of nervous system genes in the origin of Homo sapiens.","volume":"119","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b49","unstructured":"H\u00e4yrinenTSerenius-SirveSKorkmanM 1999 Reading and writing test designed for and normated in Finnish elementary school (in Finnish) Psykologien kustannus Oy, Helsinki."},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011117620895","article-title":"Heterogeneity in adult dyslexic readers: Relating processing skills to the speed and accuracy of oral text reading.","volume":"14","year":"2001","journal-title":"Read Writ Interdisc J"},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b51","unstructured":"WechslerD 1992 Wechsler adult intelligence scale revised (WAIS-R) Psykologien kustannus Oy and The psychological corporation USA, Helsinki."},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b52","unstructured":"WechslerD 1984 Wechsler intelligence scale for children revised (WISC-R) Psykologien kustannus Oy and The psychological corporation USA, Helsinki."},{"key":"pgen-0010050-b53","first-page":"184","article-title":"A survey of genetic and epigenetic variation affecting human gene expression.","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"}],"container-title":["PLoS Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.0010050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T07:44:57Z","timestamp":1706687097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.0010050"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Flint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.0010050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]}}}