{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:04:47Z","timestamp":1790431487659,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535068800000}}],"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T13:24:54Z","timestamp":1533561894000},"page":"e1007569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Complexin in ivermectin resistance in body lice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Amanzougaghene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Nappez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Ben-Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Decloquement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Azza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassina","family":"Bechah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chabri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-2008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oleg","family":"Mediannikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003724","article-title":"The biology and taxonomy of head and body lice\u2014implications for louse-borne disease prevention","volume":"9","author":"DL Bonilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)09458-1","article-title":"Scabies and pediculosis","volume":"355","author":"O Chosidow","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.09.003","article-title":"Biology and genetics of human head and body lice","volume":"28","author":"A Veracx","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1086\/520454","article-title":"The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases","volume":"29","author":"D Raoult","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144739","article-title":"Arthropod-Borne Diseases Associated with Political and Social Disorder","volume":"56","author":"P Brouqui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005142","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005142","article-title":"Head Lice of Pygmies Reveal the Presence of Relapsing Fever Borreliae in the Republic of Congo","volume":"10","author":"N Amanzougaghene","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184621","article-title":"Detection of bacterial pathogens including potential new species in human head lice from Mali","volume":"12","author":"N Amanzougaghene","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.121542","article-title":"Plague epidemics and lice, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"19","author":"R Piarroux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12292","article-title":"Comparison of the proliferation and excretion of Bartonella quintana between body and head lice following oral challenge","volume":"26","author":"JH Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35086.x","article-title":"Virulence of Rickettsia prowazeki for head lice","volume":"266","author":"ES Murray","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30395-X","article-title":"Developing new insecticides to prevent chaos: the real future threat","volume":"17","author":"D Raoult","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"338","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in head lice: clinical, parasitological and genetic aspects","volume":"18","author":"R Durand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905471","article-title":"Oral ivermectin versus malathion lotion for difficult-to-treat head lice","volume":"362","author":"O Chosidow","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1801-4","article-title":"Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations regarding efficacy and safety","volume":"16","author":"C Chaccour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.004","article-title":"Ivermectin\u2014Old Drug, New Tricks?","volume":"33","author":"R Laing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1825-9","article-title":"Ivermectin and malaria control","volume":"16","author":"S \u014cmura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.014","article-title":"Assessment of oral ivermectin versus shampoo in the treatment of pediculosis (head lice infestation) in rural areas of Sine-Saloum, Senegal","volume":"48","author":"H Leulmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.1.72","article-title":"Systemic activity of ivermectin on the human body louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae)","volume":"27","author":"KY Mumcuoglu","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200107","article-title":"Topical 0.5% ivermectin lotion for treatment of head lice","volume":"367","author":"DM Pariser","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1086\/499279","article-title":"Oral ivermectin in the treatment of body lice","volume":"193","author":"C Foucault","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.001","article-title":"Synergistic activity of antibiotics combined with ivermectin to kill body lice","volume":"47","author":"AK Sangar\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Direct interaction of avermectin with epidermal growth factor receptor mediates the penetration resistance in Drosophila larvae","volume":"6","author":"L-P Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of the Gene CYP340W1 from Plutella xylostella and Its Possible Involvement in Resistance to Abamectin","volume":"17","author":"X Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.013","article-title":"Head lice probably resistant to ivermectin recovered from two rural girls in Dielmo, a village in Sine-Saloum, Senegal","volume":"47","author":"G Diatta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13949","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240464697","article-title":"Drug-resistant Drosophila indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics nodulisporic acid and ivermectin","volume":"97","author":"NS Kane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2013.04.006","article-title":"Abamectin resistance in Drosophila is related to increased expression of P-glycoprotein via the dEGFR and dAkt pathways","volume":"43","author":"L Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2011.01097.x","article-title":"Brief exposures of human body lice to sub-lethal amounts of ivermectin over transcribes detoxification genes involved in tolerance","volume":"20","author":"KS Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.16","article-title":"Should I stop or should I go? The role of complexin in neurotransmitter release","volume":"17","author":"T Trimbuch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12204","article-title":"A point mutation in the glutamate-gated chloride channel of Plutella xylostella is associated with resistance to abamectin","volume":"25","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.03.002","article-title":"The cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene family of Tetranychus urticae: Implications for acaricide toxicology and a novel mutation associated with abamectin resistance","volume":"42","author":"W Dermauw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000178311.02878.83","article-title":"Multidrug resistance polypeptide 1 (MDR1, ABCB1) variant 3435C&gt;T affects mRNA stability","volume":"15","author":"D Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105937108","article-title":"Evolutionary origin of a novel gene expression pattern through co-option of the latent activities of existing regulatory sequences","volume":"108","author":"M Rebeiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135308","article-title":"A \u201csilent\u201d polymorphism in the MDR1 gene changes substrate specificity","volume":"315","author":"C Kimchi-Sarfaty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2351","article-title":"Studies on the relationships between the synonymous codon usage and protein secondary structural units","volume":"269","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036366","article-title":"Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) I: A Transcriptomic Survey","volume":"7","author":"AX Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1225","article-title":"Delayed cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin in pyrethroid-resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera from China and Pakistan","volume":"62","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.069468","article-title":"The nonsense-mediated decay pathway maintains synapse architecture and synaptic vesicle cycle efficacy","volume":"123","author":"AA Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439183","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel factors that act in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway in nematodes, flies and mammals","volume":"16","author":"A Casadio","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29301","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29301","article-title":"RNAi-mediated knockdown of the voltage gated sodium ion channel TcNav causes mortality in Tribolium castaneum","volume":"6","author":"HM Abd El Halim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2013.03.010","article-title":"The genomics of human lice: From the genome to the potential for future control strategies","volume":"106","author":"BR Pittendrigh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.05.006","article-title":"Identification and characterization of an esterase involved in malathion resistance in the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis","volume":"112","author":"DH Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1980","article-title":"A complexin fusion clamp regulates spontaneous neurotransmitter release and synaptic growth","volume":"10","author":"S Huntwork","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.08.047","article-title":"Agonist enhacement of macrocyclic lactone activity at a glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit from Haemonchus contortus","volume":"67","author":"SG Forrester","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.59.5.1037","article-title":"Characterization of Glutamate-Gated Chloride Channels in the Pharynx of Wild-Type and Mutant Caenorhabditis elegansDelineates the Role of the Subunit GluCl-\u03b12 in the Function of the Native Receptor","volume":"59","author":"DJ Pemberton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008218","article-title":"Glutamate-gated chloride channels and the mode of action of the avermectin\/milbemycin anthelmintics","volume":"131","author":"AJ Wolstenholme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2013.06.005","article-title":"Differential distribution of glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channels in the housefly Musca domestica","volume":"59","author":"T Kita","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600600940","article-title":"Probit Analysis","volume":"60","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative <italic>C<\/italic><sub>T<\/sub> method","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010531","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"record-id":"45642"},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010531","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000}},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535068800000}},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012258","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T16:37:47Z","timestamp":1540226267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Harmit S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","relation":{"expression_of_concern":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010531","asserted-by":"object"}],"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007569","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]}}}