{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1787021786038,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000}}],"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P011799\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P011799\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["A815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003136","name":"Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003136","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T13:52:47Z","timestamp":1602597167000},"page":"e1009035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The DNA methylome of human sperm is distinct from blood with little evidence for tissue-consistent obesity associations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0393-0962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fredrika","family":"\u00c5senius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1817-1495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Gorrie-Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ama","family":"Brew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Panchbhaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard C.","family":"Schalkwyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vardhman K.","family":"Rakyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-2902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-2053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7635","key":"pgen.1009035.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20784","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity","volume":"541","author":"S Wahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgen.1009035.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.116.001506","article-title":"Epigenetic Signatures of Cigarette Smoking","volume":"9","author":"R Joehanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation-Cardiovascular Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgen.1009035.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002215","article-title":"Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach","volume":"14","author":"MM Mendelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgen.1009035.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"S Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.12.002","article-title":"High-fat diet reprograms the epigenome of rat spermatozoa and transgenerationally affects metabolism of the offspring","volume":"5","author":"TD Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.03.044","article-title":"Effects of doxorubicin on sperm DNA methylation in mouse models of testicular toxicity","volume":"498","author":"K Sakai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgen.1009035.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3594","article-title":"Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations","volume":"17","author":"BG Dias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"40","key":"pgen.1009035.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10064","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806333115","article-title":"Paternal diet programs offspring health through sperm- and seminal plasma-specific pathways in mice","volume":"115","author":"AJ Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.163190","article-title":"Obesity-induced sperm DNA methylation changes at satellite repeats are reprogrammed in rat offspring","volume":"18","author":"NA Youngson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology"},{"issue":"6198","key":"pgen.1009035.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255903","article-title":"In utero undernourishment perturbs the adult sperm methylome and intergenerational metabolism","volume":"345","author":"EJ Radford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgen.1009035.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3527","article-title":"Epigenetic germline inheritance of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"48","author":"P Huypens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgen.1009035.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321195111","article-title":"Paternally induced transgenerational inheritance of susceptibility to diabetes in mammals","volume":"111","author":"YC Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.053","article-title":"A Unique Gene Regulatory Network Resets the Human Germline Epigenome for Development","volume":"161","author":"WWC Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7539","key":"pgen.1009035.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14248","article-title":"Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes","volume":"518","author":"A Kundaje","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgen.1009035.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1100786","article-title":"Interindividual methylomic variation across blood, cortex, and cerebellum: implications for epigenetic studies of neurological and neuropsychiatric phenotypes","volume":"10","author":"E Hannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgen.1009035.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.193","article-title":"Newborns of obese parents have altered DNA methylation patterns at imprinted genes","volume":"39","author":"A Soubry","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy005","article-title":"The effect of paternal factors on perinatal and paediatric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"NB Oldereid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgen.1009035.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.279","article-title":"Paternal Contribution to Small for Gestational Age Babies: A Multicenter Prospective Study","volume":"19","author":"LME McCowan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt220","article-title":"Parental diabetes and birthweight in 236 030 individuals in the UK Biobank Study","volume":"42","author":"JS Tyrrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgen.1009035.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044479","article-title":"Novel Insights into DNA Methylation Features in Spermatozoa: Stability and Peculiarities","volume":"7","author":"C Krausz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3578-9_5","article-title":"The Gene Expression Omnibus Database","volume":"1418","author":"E Clough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Statistical Genomics: Methods and Protocols"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018382","article-title":"Genomic Imprinting in Mammals","volume":"6","author":"DP Barlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.3.2.5900","article-title":"WAMIDEX: a web atlas of murine genomic imprinting and differential expression","volume":"3","author":"R Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"D1","key":"pgen.1009035.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D331","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1108","article-title":"Expansion of the Gene Ontology knowledgebase and resources","volume":"45","author":"S Carbon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref025","unstructured":"NCBI. dbSNP Human Build 151 database 2019 [https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/."},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref026","first-page":"51","article-title":"A Genomic Atlas of Systemic Interindividual Epigenetic Variation in Humans","volume":"60","author":"CJ Gunasekara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1374-0","article-title":"Epigenetic supersimilarity of monozygotic twin pairs","volume":"19","author":"TE Van Baak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0842-7","article-title":"High density methylation QTL analysis in human blood via next-generation sequencing of the methylated genomic DNA fraction","volume":"16","author":"JL McClay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgen.1009035.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1916777","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16777","article-title":"Association of Periconception Paternal Body Mass Index With Persistent Changes in DNA Methylation of Offspring in Childhood","volume":"2","author":"N Noor","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"43","key":"pgen.1009035.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412759111","article-title":"Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver","volume":"111","author":"S Horvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0301-7","article-title":"Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging in middle-aged but not in elderly individuals","volume":"9","author":"T Nevalainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz099","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Environmental, Lifestyle, and Health Factors Associated With DNA Methylation Age","volume":"75","author":"J Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5153-4","article-title":"Paternal germ line aging: DNA methylation age prediction from human sperm","volume":"19","author":"TG Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bmc Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgen.1009035.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","article-title":"An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan","volume":"10","author":"ME Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgen.1009035.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev053","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation patterns of spermatozoa in men with unexplained infertility","volume":"30","author":"RG Urdinguio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgen.1009035.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.077479.108","article-title":"An integrated resource for genome-wide identification and analysis of human tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs)","volume":"18","author":"VK Rakyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1066-1","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarray for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling","volume":"17","author":"R Pidsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.015","article-title":"Widespread Transcriptional Scanning in the Testis Modulates Gene Evolution Rates","volume":"180","author":"B Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref039","first-page":"9","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation comparison between live human brain and peripheral tissues within individuals","author":"PR Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.23470","article-title":"Discovery of cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray","volume":"8","author":"YA Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8935-6-4","article-title":"Additional annotation enhances potential for biologically-relevant analysis of the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array","volume":"6","author":"EM Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenetics & Chromatin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.12.004","article-title":"Altered DNA methylation of glycolytic and lipogenic genes in liver from obese and type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"5","author":"H Kirchner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.180273.114","article-title":"Methylomic trajectories across human fetal brain development","volume":"25","author":"H Spiers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref044","unstructured":"Illumina. Pub. No. 1070-2015-008-B. Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip Datasheet. Illumina; 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.11.004","article-title":"Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Drive Epigenetic Variation of Spermatozoa in Humans","volume":"23","author":"I Donkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.09.001","article-title":"Spermatozoa from infertile patients exhibit differences of DNA methylation associated with spermatogenesis-related processes: an array-based analysis","volume":"33","author":"C Camprubi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgen.1009035.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.013","article-title":"Decreased fecundity and sperm DNA methylation patterns","volume":"105","author":"TG Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty713","article-title":"Bigmelon: tools for analysing large DNA methylation datasets","volume":"35","author":"TJ Gorrie-Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharp GC, Alfano R, \u2018The Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium\u2019, Lawlor DA, Sorensen TI, London SJ, et al. Paternal body mass index and offspring DNA methylation: findings from the PACE consortium [Preprint]. 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.10.20020099"},{"issue":"6271","key":"pgen.1009035.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad6780","article-title":"Biogenesis and function of tRNA fragments during sperm maturation and fertilization in mammals","volume":"351","author":"U Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6271","key":"pgen.1009035.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad7977","article-title":"Sperm tsRNAs contribute to intergenerational inheritance of an acquired metabolic disorder","volume":"351","author":"Q Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref052","article-title":"DNA methylation in human sperm: a systematic review","author":"F \u00c5senius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref053","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgen.1009035.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2017.10.007","article-title":"Alterations in sperm DNA methylation patterns of oligospermic males","volume":"17","author":"M Laqqan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref055","unstructured":"Qiagen. QIAamp. DNA Mini and Blood Mini Handbook 1102728. Fifth edition ed: Qiagen HB-0329-004; May 2016."},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0516-5","article-title":"Early life diet conditions the molecular response to post-weaning protein restriction in the mouse","volume":"16","author":"AF Danson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bmc Biology"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref057","unstructured":"Illumina. Infinium HD Assay Methylation Protocol Guide Document # 15019519 [PDF]: Illumina, Inc; 2015. http:\/\/emea.support.illumina.com\/content\/dam\/illumina-support\/documents\/documentation\/chemistry_documentation\/infinium_assays\/infinium_hd_methylation\/infinium-hd-methylation-guide-15019519-01.pdf."},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-293","article-title":"A data-driven approach to preprocessing Illumina 450K methylation array data","volume":"14","author":"R Pidsley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmc Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1009035.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2007.05.018","article-title":"Outlier identification in high dimensions","volume":"52","author":"P Filzmoser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgen.1009035.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003118","article-title":"Software for Computing and Annotating Genomic Ranges","volume":"9","author":"M Lawrence","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos Computational Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgen.1009035.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1009035.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv560","article-title":"missMethyl: an R package for analyzing data from Illumina\u2019s HumanMethylation450 platform","volume":"32","author":"B Phipson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millard SP. EnvStats: An R Package for Environmental Statistics: Springer; 2013. https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gb\/book\/9781461484554.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8456-1"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref064","unstructured":"Maechler M, Rousseeuw P, Struyf A, Hubert M, Hornik K. cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. R package version 2.1.0. 2019."},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-016-0107-z","article-title":"\"Gap hunting\" to characterize clustered probe signals in Illumina methylation array data","volume":"9","author":"SV Andrews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epigenetics & Chromatin"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgen.1009035.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-86","article-title":"DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution","volume":"13","author":"EA Houseman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bmc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5761-7","article-title":"Guidance for DNA methylation studies: statistical insights from the Illumina EPIC array","volume":"20","author":"G Mansell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bmc Genomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgen.1009035.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1280","article-title":"Paternal metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors for fetal growth restriction: a case-control study","volume":"36","author":"S Hillman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref070","unstructured":"UCLH Clinical Biochemistry. UCLH Clinical Biochemistry Test Information University College London Hospital2017 [Biochemistry test information]. https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/OurServices\/ServiceA-Z\/PATH\/PATHBIOMED\/CBIO\/Pages\/InformationforGPs.aspx."},{"key":"pgen.1009035.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-13-47","article-title":"Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"P Gayoso-Diz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmc Endocrine Disorders"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T13:33:49Z","timestamp":1696858429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Greally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009035","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.01.072934","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}}}