{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:20:01Z","timestamp":1787934001384,"version":"build-2784847793"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009624","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000}}],"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01GM130971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM130971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s zinc-starvation response\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc starvation genes (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>zur<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) congregates at the bottom of a culture tube when grown in a nutrient-poor medium. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes were required for congregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and\n                    <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and an activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent congregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and energy taxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T13:33:57Z","timestamp":1624282437000},"page":"e1009624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Vibrio cholerae\u2019s mysterious Seventh Pandemic island (VSP-II) encodes novel Zur-regulated zinc starvation genes involved in chemotaxis and cell congregation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-1400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shannon G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-284X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brianna A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6164-4406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camille M.","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref001","first-page":"1539","volume-title":"The Lancet","author":"JD Clemens","year":"2017"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00605.x","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae and cholera: out of the water and into the host","volume":"26","author":"J Reidl","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref003","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"A Huq","year":"1983"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref004","first-page":"6125","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"GC de Magny","year":"2011"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref005","first-page":"1977","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"ML Tamplin","year":"1990"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref006","first-page":"750","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"MR Sochard","year":"1979"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref007","first-page":"1475","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"RM Twedt","year":"1981"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref008","first-page":"559","volume-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","author":"MA Hood","year":"1981"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref009","first-page":"19737","volume-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","author":"AE Purdy","year":"2011"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref010","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Nature","author":"M Broza","year":"2001"},{"key":"pgen.1009624.ref011","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Journal of Food Science","author":"A. 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