{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:59:56Z","timestamp":1792159196663,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009916","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000}}],"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/114344\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/114344\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CONGENTO\/ LISBOA 2020\/EDRF\/ Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Insect metamorphosis is triggered by the production, secretion and degradation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). In addition to its role in developmental regulation, increasing evidence suggests that ecdysone is involved in innate immunity processes, such as phagocytosis and the induction of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. AMP regulation includes systemic responses as well as local responses at surface epithelia that contact with the external environment. At pupariation,\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    increases dramatically the expression of three AMP genes,\n                    <jats:italic>drosomycin (drs)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>drosomycin-like 2 (drsl2)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>drosomycin-like 5 (drsl5)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show that the systemic action of\n                    <jats:italic>drs<\/jats:italic>\n                    at pupariation is dependent on ecdysone signalling in the fat body and operates via the ecdysone downstream target,\n                    <jats:italic>Broad<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In parallel, ecdysone also regulates local responses, specifically through the activation of\n                    <jats:italic>drsl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in the gut. Finally, we confirm the relevance of this ecdysone dependent AMP expression for the control of bacterial load by showing that flies lacking\n                    <jats:italic>drs<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in the fat body have higher bacterial persistence over metamorphosis. In contrast, local responses may be redundant with the systemic effect of\n                    <jats:italic>drs<\/jats:italic>\n                    since reduction of ecdysone signalling or of\n                    <jats:italic>drsl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression has no measurable negative effect on bacterial load control in the pupa. Together, our data emphasize the importance of the association between ecdysone signalling and immunity using\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies and establish a new role for ecdysone at pupariation, which impacts developmental success by regulating the immune system in a stage-dependent manner. We speculate that this co-option of immune effectors by the hormonal system may constitute an anticipatory mechanism to control bacterial numbers in the pupa, at the core of metamorphosis evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T13:53:41Z","timestamp":1638194021000},"page":"e1009916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Co-option of immune effectors by the hormonal signalling system triggering metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1336-0238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catarina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4203-114X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takashi","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8810-870X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c9lio","family":"Sucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgen.1009916.ref001","author":"HF Nijhout","year":"1994"},{"key":"pgen.1009916.ref002","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Metamorphosis, postembryonic reprogramming of gene expression in amphibian and insect cells.","author":"L. 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